Products
Levobunolol is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Vistagan). It has been approved in many countries since 1987.
Structure and properties
Levobunolol (C17H25NO3, Mr = 291.4 g/mol) is a dihydronaphthalinone and the -enantiomer of bunolol, which is significantly more potent than the -enantiomer. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as levobunolol hydrochloride.
Effects
Levobunolol (ATC S01ED03) lowers intraocular pressure. It is a nonselective beta-blocker with no local anesthetic or sympathomimetic properties. As such, it has the potential to constrict the bronchi and lower pulse rate and blood pressure, among other effects.
Indications
Levobunolol is approved for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure and for the treatment of glaucoma.
Dosage
According to the drug label. The usual dosage is 1 drop per diseased eye twice daily. See also under Administering eye drops.
Contraindications
Levobunolol is contraindicated in hypersensitivity and in certain respiratory (eg, asthma) and cardiovascular (eg, low pulse) conditions. For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Interactions with oral antihypertensives and beta-blockers cannot be completely ruled out. Other interactions are possible with epinephrine and reserpine.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include local reactions to the eye such as transient burning and stinging. Systemic adverse reactions such as headache, decrease in heart rate, low blood pressure, bronchospasm, and fatigue may occur due to absorption into the bloodstream.
