The United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last assessed vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Vitamin K: Safety Assessment
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [tendency to acne (e.g., acne vulgaris); flushing] Abdominal wall and inguinal region (groin area). Gynecological examination Inspection Vulva (external, primary female sexual organs). Vagina (vagina) … Premenstrual Syndrome: Examination
Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) – belongs to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and results in typical seizure-like episodes with tachycardia (heartbeat too fast: >100 beats per minute), dizziness, and possibly signs of acute heart failure (heart failure) Extrasystoles (heart stutter) – heartbeat that occurs outside the physiological heart rhythm. Sinus tachycardia – increased heart … Atrial Fibrillation: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Depression (synonyms: Depressive episode; Melancholia agitata; ICD-10-GM F32.0: Mild depressive episode; ICD-10-GM F32.1: Moderate depressive episode; ICD-10-GM F32.2: Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms) is a disorder that affects the emotional side of mental life and can manifest itself differently in different individuals. Depression is one of the most common diseases of the brain. It … Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
Diabetes screening Diabetes screening using a blood test as part of newborn screening: by detecting multiple beta cell autoantibodies in the blood, type 1 diabetes can be detected at a very early, still asymptomatic stage with a sensitivity of almost 90%, thus preventing ketoacidosis. To prevent diabetic coma, attention must be paid to reducing individual … Diabetic Coma: Prevention
Risk groups for deficiency Women and men, respectively, >= 65 years of age (due to insufficient food intake, frequent use of medications – diuretics, laxatives). Discussed an increased need for athletes and heavy workers (after several hours of continuous exercise about 300 mg potassium / L are lost through sweat). Persons with Increased gastrointestinal losses … Potassium: Risk Groups
Therapy goals Prevention of short stature Prevention of hormone deficiency symptoms or hormone deficiency diseases. Therapy recommendations From about the age of 6, growth hormones (STH) are usually used to prevent short stature. Hormone replacement therapy should begin at the age when puberty normally begins in girls (from age 12) and continue throughout life. Substitution … Turner Syndrome: Drug Therapy
General measures Observance of the general hygiene measures! Avoid direct contact with the herpes lesions. In the presence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even with only a slight fever). Fever below 38.5 °C does not necessarily need to be treated! (Exceptions: Children prone to febrile convulsions; old, weakened people; patients with a weakened … Herpes Labialis: Therapy
In dyspnea – colloquially called shortness of breath – (synonyms: Exertional dyspnea; hyperpnea; hyperventilation dyspnea; nocturnal dyspnea; orthopnea; paroxysmal dyspnea; resting dyspnea; tachypnea; trepopnea; ICD-10-GM R06.0: Dyspnea) is the subjective symptom of shortness of breath, also called air hunger. Dyspnea is a leading symptom of diseases of the respiratory system. Different forms of dyspnea can … Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)
Postexposure prophylaxis is the provision of medication to prevent disease in persons who are not protected against a particular disease by vaccination but have been exposed to it. Indications (areas of application) All contacts of poliomyelitis sufferers (regardless of vaccination status). A secondary case is cause for latch vaccinations. Implementation Post-exposure vaccination with IPV (inactivated … Polio Postexposure Prophylaxis
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of enchondroma. Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? (Tumor diseases) Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed any swelling or deformity in the joints and/or bones* ? Do you suffer from … Enchondroma: Medical History
Therapy for jaundice (jaundice) depends on the cause. General measures Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Avoidance of environmental stress: Phenol exposure Mushroom poisoning Regular checkups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling … Jaundice (Icterus): Therapy