Definition Thiols are organic compounds with the general structure R-SH. They are sulfur analogs of alcohols (R-OH). R can be aliphatic or aromatic. The simplest aliphatic representative is methanethiol, the simplest aromatic is thiophenol (analogue of phenol). Thiols are formally derived from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by a … Thiols
Valine represents a branched-chain essential amino acid. In addition to body composition, it is also used for energy production in situations of special performance requirements. The need for valine is particularly high in competitive athletes. What is valine? Valine is a branched-chain amino acid that is essential for the body. Due to the branched hydrocarbon … Valine: Function & Diseases
Products Carbocisteine is commercially available as a syrup (e.g., rhinathiol, co-marketing drugs, generics). In combination with xylometazoline, it is also found in decongestants and nasal drops (Triofan). Structure and properties Carbocisteine or -carboxymethylcysteine (C5H9NO4S, Mr = 179.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a carboxymethyl derivative … Carbocistein
The oil film of the skin is a chemical, slightly acidic fat-water layer on the surface of the skin, composed of the secretions of the sebaceous and sweat glands. This layer acts like a chemical barrier to pathogens. Skin that is too dry can break down this barrier function. What is the oil film? The … Fat Film: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Products Lisdexamphetamine (LDX) was approved in many countries in March 2014 in capsule form (Elvanse). It has been available in the United States since 2007 (Vyvanse). The dosage form is non-retarded, unlike other ADHD medications. Continuous release is achieved with the conversion of the prodrug. Lisdexamphetamine is legally classified as a narcotic and therefore requires … Lisdexamphetamine
Products Eflornithine is commercially available as a cream in many countries and has been approved since 2003 (Vaniqa). Vaniqa was released in the United States in 2000 and in the EU in 2001. Structure and properties Eflornithine (C6H12F2N2O2, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) is a fluorinated and methylated derivative of the amino acid ornithine. It is … Eflornithine
It is one of the vital hormones, whose overproduction as well as its deficiency can have serious consequences. We are talking about insulin. What is insulin? Insulin is a hormone, also called a messenger substance, of particular importance. Not least because no other hormone can replace it, it is essential for human survival. However, insulin … Insulin: Function & Diseases
Products Tranexamic acid is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and effervescent tablets (Cyklokapron). It has been approved in many countries since 1968. In 2016, a solution for injection was also released. This article refers to peroral administration. Structure and properties Tranexamic acid (C8H15NO2, Mr = 157.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline … Tranexamic Acid
Actin is a structural protein found in all eukaryotic cells. It participates in the assembly of the cytoskeleton and muscle. What is actin? Actin is a protein molecule with a very old developmental history. As a structural protein, it is present in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell and in the sarcomere of all muscle … Actin: Function & Diseases
Products Valaciclovir is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Valtrex, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Valaciclovir (C13H20N6O4, Mr = 324.3 g/mol) is the ester of the natural amino acid valine and the antiviral drug aciclovir. It is present in drugs as valaciclovir hydrochloride, a white … Valaciclovir
Osteonectin is a protein that plays a significant role in bone mineralization and in this way is involved in the strengthening of bones and teeth. Numerous scientific studies can be found under its synonymous name SPARC, which additionally indicate a link between the release of SPARC and the prognosis of various cancers. What is osteonectin? … Osteonectin: Function & Diseases
Products Captopril was approved in many countries in 1980 as the first active ingredient in the ACE inhibitor group. The original Lopirin is now off the market. Generic products are available in tablet form. Structure and properties Captopril (C9H15NO3S, Mr = 217.3 g/mol) is a derivative of the amino acid proline. It exists as a … Captopril Effects and Side Effects
