Products Belimumab is commercially available as a powder for the preparation of an infusion solution concentrate. It was approved in the EU in 2011 and in many countries in 2012 (Benlysta). In 2018, a solution for subcutaneous injection was registered (autoinjector and prefilled syringe). Structure and properties Belimumab is a human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody with … Belimumab
The ultralong feedback mechanism is a feedback process in the human body that is particularly important for hormone balance. One such self-regulating feedback loop is, for example, the interplay between the thyroid hormone and the thyrotropin (TSH) it releases. If this feedback loop is disturbed, it results in diseases such as Graves’ disease, an autoimmune … Ultralong Feedback Mechanism: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
The ultrashort feedback mechanism is a regulatory circuit of endocrine secretion in autocrine and paracrine glands. In this feedback loop, a hormone inhibits its own secretion without intermediate steps or other hormones. Dysregulation in the ultra-feedback mechanism can result from diseases such as Graves’ disease. What is the ultrashort feedback mechanism? The regulatory circuit is … Ultrashort Feedback Mechanism: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Environmental medicine deals with the influence of environmental factors on health. Within this specialty, the greatest focus is on anthropogenic environmental pollution. As an interdisciplinary medical specialty, environmental medicine addresses the environmentally related aspects of disease. What is environmental medicine? Environmental medicine deals with the influence of environmental factors on health. Within this field, the … Environmental Medicine: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Definition Poliomyelitis, also known as poliomyelitis or simply polio, is an infectious disease that can lead to the central nervous system (CNS) being affected. In most cases, an infection remains symptomless, but some sufferers may experience permanent paralysis. Usually the extremities are affected by these paralyses. If the respiratory muscles are also affected, mechanical ventilation … Vaccination against polio
Costs of vaccination The polio vaccination costs about 20€ per injection. If you calculate with four vaccinations for the basic immunization and one for the booster, the total cost for the polio vaccination is about 100€. Since the implementation of the polio vaccination is recommended by the Standing Commission on Immunization, the costs for the … Costs of vaccination | Vaccination against polio
Advantages and disadvantages of vaccination against polio The advantages of polio vaccination far outweigh the disadvantages of vaccination. The only disadvantage of the vaccination is that it can cause mild but harmless reactions in a few children. Since the changeover from a live vaccine to a dead vaccine has been underway since 1998, an outbreak … Advantages and disadvantages of vaccination against polio | Vaccination against polio
What is a Coombs test? The Coombs test is used to detect antibodies against red blood cells (erythrocytes). A so-called Coombs serum is used for the determination of the antibodies. It is obtained from the serum of rabbits and is sensitised to human antibodies. The test is used in suspected cases of haemolytic anaemia, Rhesus … The Coombs Test
The procedure If a direct Coombs test is performed, the red blood cells are filtered out of the patient’s blood. It is to be tested whether there are antibodies of the IgG type on them, which cause haemolytic anaemia or blood group incompatibility in the body. The Coombs serum contains antibodies against human IgG antibodies. … The procedure | The Coombs Test
Products Ustekinumab is commercially available as a solution for injection (Stelara). It was newly approved in the EU in January 2009, in the United States in September 2009, and in many countries in October 2010. In 2017, a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution was also approved. This article refers to subcutaneous administration. … Ustekinumab
Products VEGF inhibitors are commercially available as injectables from various suppliers. The first agent in this group to be approved was pegaptanib (Macugen) in 2004, which is now off the market in many countries. Structure and properties The currently available VEGF inhibitors are therapeutic proteins (biologics). They are antibodies, antibody fragments, and fusion proteins. They … VEGF Inhibitors
Products Certolizumab is commercially available as a solution for injection (Cimzia). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Structure and properties Certolizumab is the Fab’ fragment of a recombinant humanized antibody. It is conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and is therefore also known as certolizumab pegol. Effects Certolizumab (ATC L04AB05) has selective immunosuppressive … Certolizumab