Structure and properties VX (C11H26NO2PS, Mr = 267.4 g/mol) belongs to the group of organophosphates. It exists at room temperature as a slightly yellowish, oily, odorless and tasteless liquid with a high viscosity. The “V” stands for venom. The boiling point is relatively high at about 300°C. Therefore, VX is usually used as a liquid, … VX
Products Alkaloids and their derivatives are contained as active ingredients in numerous medicines. They have been used medicinally for thousands of years, such as opium with morphine or coca leaves with cocaine. In 1805, a pure alkaloid was extracted for the first time by the German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner with morphine. Structure and properties Alkaloids … Alkaloids
Products Parasympatholytics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, as inhalation preparations, injection solutions, and eye drops. This article refers to antagonists at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, such as ganglion blockers, are discussed separately. Structure and properties Many parasympatholytics are structurally derived from atropine, a natural … Parasympatholytics
Background Infestation with lungworm can cause coughing, respiratory distress, weight loss, nasal discharge, and conjunctivitis in hedgehogs. The disease occurs only in hedgehogs and often has a fatal outcome. It is caused by , the larvae of which are ingested with food, mainly snails. They infect the lungs and are excreted by the animals through … Levamisole
Products Etilefrin is commercially available in drop form (Effortil) and has been approved in many countries since 1958. The combination with dihydroergotamine (Effortil plus) is no longer marketed. Structure and properties Etilefrin (C10H15NO2, Mr = 181.23 g/mol) is a racemate and is present in drugs as etilefrine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals … Etilefrin
Products Spasmolytics are commercially available in the form of tablets, suppositories, and injectables, among others. In many countries, scopolamine butylbromide is among the best-known representatives. Structure and properties Spasmolytics are often derived from the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine from nightshade plants or from the benzylisoquinoline papaverine from the opium poppy. Effects Spasmolytics have spasmolytic … Spasmolytics
Products Midodrine is commercially available in the form of tablets and drops (Gutron). It has been approved in many countries since 1985. Structure and properties Midodrine (C12H18N2O4, Mr = 254.28 g/mol) is present in drugs as midodrine hydrochloride. Like other sympathomimetics, it has a similar structure to the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. It is a … Midodrine
Products Drofenine is registered for export in tablet form (Lunadon, combination). It has been approved in many countries since 1977 but is not commercially available. Structure and properties Drofenine (C20H31NO2, Mr = 317.47 g/mol) is a derivative of atropine. It exists as drofenine hydrochloride, a white, loose crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. … Drofenin
Products Tropicamide is commercially available in the form of eye drops, as an ophthalmic insert, and as a solution for injection. This article refers to the eye drops. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Tropicamide (C17H20N2O2, Mr = 284.4 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that … Tropicamide
Products Trospium chloride is commercially available in the form of dragées (Spasmo-Urgenin Neo, Spasmex). It has been approved in many countries since 1983. Structure and properties Trospium chloride (C25H30ClNO3, Mr = 428.0 g/mol) is a quaternary amine that exists as a chloride salt. It is a fine, colorless to slightly yellow, crystalline substance. Trospium chloride … Trospium Chloride
Dry mouth is an experience that everyone has had at one time or another and could fix by drinking. But what if the mouth remains permanently dry or even other symptoms such as pain when chewing, swallowing or speaking are added? Then the medical profession speaks of xerostomia or dry mouth. What is dry mouth? … Dry Mouth: Causes, Treatment & Help
Stem plant Solanaceae, black henbane. Medicinal drug Hyoscyami folium – hyoscyamus leaves Hyoscyami herba recens – Fresh henbane Preparations Hyoscyami maceratum oleosum Hyoscyami oleum Hyoscyami tinctura Ingredients Tropane alkaloids: atropine, L-hyoscyamine, as in datura higher content of scopolamine than in belladonna. Effects Indications As an anticholinergic in colds, in spasms in the gastrointestinal tract. Contained … Black Henbane