Aorto-pulmonary Window: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Aorto-pulmonary window is a congenital septal defect. The ascending aorta and truncus pulmonalis are connected within the defect, causing pulmonary hypertension, right-sided cardiac strain, and tissue undersupply. Correction of the aorto-pulmonary septal defect is accomplished by surgical separation of the connected vessels. What is an aorto-pulmonary window? The ascending aorta corresponds to the initial portion … Aorto-pulmonary Window: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Cerebral Hemorrhage: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Cerebral hemorrhage is a generic term for the so-called intracranial hemorrhage (brain hemorrhage inside the skull), intracerebral hemorrhage (brain hemorrhage in the area of the brain) and extracerebral hemorrhage (brain hemorrhage of the meninges). However, in a narrower sense, it usually refers to intracerebral hemorrhage directly in the brain. What is cerebral hemorrhage? Schematic diagram … Cerebral Hemorrhage: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Monoamine Oxidase A Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Marked monoamine oxidase A deficiency is genetic and is often characterized by impulsive aggressiveness. This results in disruption of the breakdown of serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine. The gene encoding monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is located on the X chromosome. What is monoamine oxidase-A deficiency? Monoamine oxidases represent enzymes responsible for the breakdown of monoamines. In … Monoamine Oxidase A Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Elschnig Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Elschnig syndrome is a very rare hereditary disorder with congenital malformations of the eyelids. However, the severity of symptoms often varies widely. Treatment is symptomatic and depends on the malformations that occur. What is Elschnig syndrome? Elschnig syndrome is mainly characterized by malpositions of the lower eyelids. In rarer cases, other symptoms also appear, such … Elschnig Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Erdheim-Gsell Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

The term Erdheim-Gsell syndrome encompasses a pathological change in the middle vessel wall (media) of the large arteries, mainly the aorta. Usually described as idiopathic, the disease syndrome results in a breakdown of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the media. The altered elasticity of the media increases the risk of life-threatening aortic dissection, especially … Erdheim-Gsell Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment