Products Azelaic acid is commercially available as gel and cream (Skinoren). It has been approved in many countries since 1990. Structure and properties Azelaic acid (C9H16O4, Mr = 188.2 g/mol) is a saturated dicarboxylic acid. It exists as a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is poorly soluble in water at 20°C but dissolves well in … Azelaic Acid for Skin Problems
Products Metronidazole is commercially available for the external treatment of rosacea as a cream (Rosalox, Perilox), a cream tinted with iron oxides (Perilox color), and a gel (Nidazea, Rozex). In some countries, e.g. Germany, a lotion is also available. The effectiveness of the therapy was first demonstrated by Nielsen in 1983. In many countries, the … Metronidazole for the External Treatment of Rosacea
Symptoms Acne is a collective name for diseases of the sebaceous gland apparatus and hair follicles. The skin disease occurs predominantly puberty. Not all forms require treatment. However, a minority of patients suffer from severe acne, which should be treated in order to avoid long courses of the disease and scars if necessary. Areas of … Acne Treatment
Symptoms Age spots are round, flat, oval to irregularly shaped pigment spots on the skin with a yellow-brown, light or dark brown to black color. The size is in the millimeter to deep centimeter range. Age spots occur mainly on the face, back of the hands, forearms, décolleté, shoulders and back. They occur singly or … Liver Spots
Symptoms Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the face that typically affects the cheeks, nose, chin, and central forehead symmetrically (Figure). The skin around the eyes is left out. It occurs more often in people with fair skin and in middle age, but it can occur in any skin type and at any … Rosacea Causes and Treatment
Background Rosacea is a multiform, chronic inflammatory skin disease of the face that is more common in fair-skinned people. Possible symptoms include transient and persistent skin redness, papules and pustules, nodules, and skin thickening (“bulbous nose“). The exact causes are not fully understood. Treatment options include metronidazole, azelaic acid, doxycycline, isotretinoin, and nonpharmacologic measures. Products … Doxycycline for Rosacea Treatment
Definition Azelaic acid is a chemical substance which belongs to the group of so-called carboxylic acids. Other synonymous terms for azelaic acid are nonadic acid or 1,7-heptadicarboxylic acid. The latter is a precise description of the chemical composition of azelaic acid. Salts of azelaic acid are called azelates. Azelaic acid is a white, crystalline solid. … Azelaic acid
Side effects As with other drugs, azelaic acid has side effects which must be taken into account. The side effects of azelaic acid therapy depend on the duration of the therapy, the dosage and the frequency of use. They are very different from one individual to another. In general, creams and ointments containing azelaic acid … Side effects | Azelaic acid
Dosage form as ointment There are various creams and ointments that contain azelaic acid. A widespread trade name for an ointment containing azelain is Skinoren®. There are two compositions which are common and frequently used in Germany. On the one hand there is a 20% cream and a 15% gel. Both are approved for external … Dosage form as ointment | Azelaic acid
