What is the blood-brain barrier? The blood-brain barrier is a barrier between the blood and the brain substance. It is formed by the endothelial cells on the inner wall of the blood capillaries in the brain and the astrocytes (a form of glial cells) surrounding the vessels. The endothelial cells in the capillary brain vessels … Blood-Brain Barrier: Structure and Function
The area postrema is located at the rhomboid fossa in the brainstem and is part of the vomiting center. This functional unit of the nervous system elicits vomiting when appropriately stimulated, thereby performing a protective role. Antiemetics inhibit this response as part of the treatment of traumatic brain injury and other neurologic conditions. What is … Area Postrema: Structure, Function & Diseases
Bilirubin is a breakdown product in hemoglobin metabolism. Macrophages continuously break down old erythrocytes in the liver and spleen to generate bilirubin. If this process is disturbed, the substance accumulates and jaundice develops. What is bilirubin? Bilirubin is the breakdown product of red blood pigment. This pigment is also known as hemoglobin. Red blood cells … Bilirubin: Structure, Function & Diseases
Astemizole is a so-called antihistamine, which is used to treat allergies symptomatically. However, this drug is no longer available on the German market. What is astemizole? Astemizole is a so-called antihistamine, which is used to treat allergies symptomatically. Astemizole is an H1 receptor antagonist as well as a second-generation antihistamine. By blocking the histamine receptors, … Astemizole: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Benserazide is commercially available in fixed combination with levodopa in tablet and capsule form (Madopar). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Benserazide (C10H15N3O5, Mr = 257.2 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as benserazide hydrochloride, a white to yellowish-white or orange-white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in … Benserazide
Background Bilirubin is the lipophilic breakdown product of heme, which is responsible for oxygen transport in erythrocytes. It is bound to albumin in plasma and is glucuronidated in the liver by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A1 and excreted in bile. Conjugated bilirubin is more hydrophilic than lipophilic unconjugated bilirubin and can be eliminated from the body. Symptoms … Neonatal Jaundice Causes and Treatment
Products Dried coffee beans, coffee powder, coffee capsules and other products are available in grocery stores. Stem plant The parent plant is the coffee shrub or coffee tree from the Rubiaceae family (redbud family). The two main species are for Arabica coffee and for Robusta coffee. is also called. Medicinal drug The so-called coffee beans … Coffee
Painkillers containing fentanyl are some of the strongest painkillers available in pharmacies. The active ingredient is used to treat rheumatism and cancer, among other conditions, as well as during surgical procedures. It can be administered in various forms. It also came to sad prominence in the summer of 2016, when it became known that the … Fentanyl-containing Analgesics: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Caffeine is commercially available as a drug in the form of tablets, effervescent tablets, lozenges, as a pure powder and as a juice, among others. It is present in numerous stimulants; these include coffee, cocoa, black tea, green tea, matcha, iced tea, mate, soft drinks such as Coca-Cola, and energy drinks such as Red … Caffeine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
To perform their function in the body, some cells must move from one place to another. During this cell migration, they make use of cellular structures while being attracted to foreign substances. Misdirected cells contribute to the development and exacerbation of diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. What is cell migration? The term … Cell Migration: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Interferons are tissue hormones composed of relatively short-chain polypeptides, proteins, or glycoproteins. Together with interleukins and other groups of substances, they belong to the cytokines that initiate and control the immune responses of the immune system. Interferons are produced mainly by cells of the immune system, but also by fibroblasts, and primarily control antiviral and … Interferons: Function & Diseases
The posterior meningeal artery is a blood vessel branch supplying the posterior meninges. It is connected to the external carotid artery through the opening in the base of the skull (foramen jugulare). Diseases in this context include meningitis (meningitis), meningiomas (tumors of the meninges), hematomas (hemorrhages), malformations (malformations) of the vessels, arteriosclerosis (deposits in the … Posterior Meningeal Artery: Structure, Function & Diseases
