Products Carbamazepine is commercially available as tablets, sustained-release tablets, suspension, and syrup (Tegretol, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1963. Structure and properties Carbamazepine (C15H12N2O, Mr = 236.3 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. It has a tricyclic structure and an active metabolite, carbmazepine-10,11-epoxide. … Carbamazepine Effects and Side Effects
CYP450 Cytochromes P450s are a family of enzymes that are of paramount importance in drug biotransformation. The most important isoenzymes for drug metabolism are: CYP1A1, CYP1A2 CYP2B6 CYP2C9, CYP2C19 CYP2D6 CYP2E1 CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 The number after the abbreviation CYP stands for the family, the following letter for the subfamily and the last number … Cytochrome P450 (CYP)
Products Brivaracetam was approved in the EU, the United States, and many countries in 2016 in the form of film-coated tablets, oral solution, and solution for injection (Briviact). Structure and properties Brivaracetam (C11H20N2O2, Mr = 212.3 g/mol) is structurally and pharmacologically closely related to levetiracetam (Keppra, generics). Like levetiracetam, it is a pyrrolidinone derivative. Effects … Brivaracetam
Symptoms Flashing, stabbing, sharp, short-lasting pain in the cheek, lips, chin, and lower jaw Muscle spasms (“tic douloureux”). Hypersensitivity to touch Weight loss: chewing causes pain, patients stop eating Usually unilateral, very rarely bilateral. Trigger: Touching, washing, shaving, smoking, talking, brushing teeth, eating and the like. Trigger zones: Small areas in the nasolabial fold on … Trigeminal Neuralgia: Causes and Treatment
Products Isoniazid is commercially available in tablet form (eg, Isoniazid Labatec, combination products). Structure and properties Isoniazid (C6H7N3O, Mr = 137.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals and is readily soluble in water. It is also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH). Effects Isoniazid (ATC J04AC01) has bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties against . … Isoniazid
Products Antiepileptic drugs are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups, as nasal sprays, enemas, and as injectables, among others. Structure and properties The antiepileptic drugs are structurally heterogeneous agents. Within the class, several groups can be identified (see below). Effects The agents have antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant … Antiepileptic Drugs
Products Eslicarbazepine has been approved in tablet form in the EU since 2009, in the United States since 2013, and in many countries in 2020 (Zebinix, Aptiom). Structure and properties Eslicarbazepine (C15H14N2O2, Mr = 254.3 g/mol) is present in drugs in the form of the prodrug eslicarbazepine acetate, which is hydrolyzed in the body after … Eslicarbazepine
Carbamazepine is used in medicine as an agent for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. Most notably, it is used for the prophylaxis of seizures. The active ingredient is frequently prescribed in Germany. What is carbamazepine? Carbamazepine is used in medicine as an agent for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. Most notably, … Carbamazepine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Nimodipine is the name given to a drug. The drug belongs to the calcium channel blockers. What is nimodipine? Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker; it is used primarily in the elderly to treat brain-related performance disorders such as dementia. Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker, it is used primarily in the elderly for the … Nimodipine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Definition Tegretal® is a drug containing the active ingredient carbamazepine. It is the world’s best-selling drug for the treatment and prevention of seizures. Tegretal® is available only on prescription. There are two major areas of application for Tegretal®. One is seizure-like disorders such as epileptic seizures, non-epileptic seizures in patients with multiple sclerosis and seizures … Tegretal®
Contraindications Tegretal® must not be taken if A delayed transmission of excitation to the heart takes place (AV block), There is damage to the bone marrow, A metabolic disease such as acute porphyria is known or So-called monoaminooxidase inhibitors can be taken to treat depression. Interactions Tegretal® is broken down by enzymes in the liver, … Contraindications | Tegretal®
Symptoms Possible symptoms of acute back pain include muscle aches, tension, stabbing pain, limited mobility, and stiffness. The pain may radiate down the leg (sciatic pain), and patients may be unable to stand up straight. While acute pain is comparatively treatable, chronic back pain poses a serious quality of life and mental health problem and … Back Pain Causes and Treatment
