A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Auscultation (listening) of the heart [due todifferential diagnoses: Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the region of the heart). Aortic aneurysm – … Heart Pain (Cardialgia): Examination
To prevent pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation), attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Transmission through close physical contact (“hair-to-hair contact”). Less common is transmission through objects that come into contact with the hair
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) or troponin I (hs-cTnI) – for suspected myocardial infarction (heart attack). D-dimers – for suspected thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending … Heart Pain (Cardialgia): Test and Diagnosis
In inhalation, certain substances are atomized and inhaled using a special inhalation device (e.g., nebulizer). Saline solutions, medications, or essential oils are inhaled. Inhalation therapy is primarily used for: Moistening of the respiratory tract Loosening of secretions and liquefaction of bronchial secretions. Solution of cramps (spasmolysis) of the bronchial muscles. Relieve swelling and inflammation of … Inhalation Therapy
Therapeutic Targets Symptomatic therapy Diagnosis finding Therapy recommendations Analgesia (analgesics/painkillers) according to WHO staging scheme until definitive therapy when diagnosis is confirmed: Non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, first-line agent). Low-potency opioid analgesic (e.g., tramadol) + non-opioid analgesic. High-potency opioid analgesic (eg, morphine) + non-opioid analgesic.
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Epidermal cyst* (epidermal cyst) – bulging elastic skin nodule resulting from retention of horny and sebaceous masses, of various genesis (traumatic, inflammatory, naevoid). Cardiovascular system (I00-I99). Elephantiasis* – irreversible thickening/hardening of the skin with massive fluid retention. Congestive heart failure or decompensated heart failure* (heart failure). Thrombosis of the inferior vena … Testicular Swelling: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle) – to rule out myocardial infarction (heart attack). X-ray of the thorax (X-ray thorax/chest), in two planes. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. … Heart Pain (Cardialgia): Diagnostic Tests
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing): skin and mucous membranes. Inspection and palpation (palpation) of abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, guarding tension?, hernial orifices?, renal bearing knocking pain?) [abdominal mass?]; exclusion of supraclavicular … Testicular Swelling: Examination
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate cardialgia (heart pain): Leading symptoms “Chest tightness”; sudden onset of pain in the region of the heart (angina pectoris). Obstruction of breathing (dyspnea). Stinging/burning/tearing Chest pain (retrosternal pain) Radiation to other regions of the body (neck, arms). Occurrence after stress, after a meal, etc.
2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, blood), sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing suitable antibiotics for sensitivity … Testicular Swelling: Test and Diagnosis
Heart failure – colloquially called cardiac insufficiency – (synonyms: Senile heart failure; asthma cardiale; exercise heart failure; cardiac insufficiency; diastolic heart failure; heart failure; cardiovascular insufficiency; myocardial insufficiency; cardiac edema; insufficientia cordis; cardiac anasarca; cardiac asthenia; cardiac dyspnea; cardiac exhaustion; cardiac global insufficiency; cardiac insufficiency; cardiac weakness; cardiac stasis; cardiac congestion; cardiac congestive heart failure; … Heart Failure (Cardiac Insufficiency)
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Scrotal sonography (ultrasound examination of the scrotal organs/testis and epididymis and their vascular supply) using Doppler sonography (special ultrasound examination measuring the flow velocity of blood in the vessels (arteries and veins)) [if testicular torsion is suspected, see under medical device diagnostics/testicular torsion] Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the … Testicular Swelling: Diagnostic Tests
