Products Umeclidinium bromide is commercially available as a powder for inhalation as a monopreparation (Incruse Ellipta) and as a fixed combination with vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta, LAMA–LABA combination). It was approved in many countries in 2014. In 2017, a combination of umeclidinium bromide, fluticasone furoate, and vilanterol was released in the EU (Trelegy Ellipta), and in … Umeclidinium Bromide
Definition The term grasping thorax describes an altered form of the bony thorax (thorax), in which the chest appears too short and wide. Thus the thorax resembles a barrel, which explains the term barrel thorax. Anatomy of the grasping thorax In a barrel thorax, the thorax is shortened and wider compared to the normal thorax … Barrel thorax
Pulmonary emphysema In pulmonary emphysema, the lungs are over-inflated because the inhaled air is trapped at the end of the airways in the form of emphysema bubbles and cannot be exhaled again. In most cases, the cause is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which affects smokers in 90% of cases. Chronic inflammation leads to narrowing … Pulmonary emphysema | Barrel thorax
Therapy Also with regard to therapy, it should be remembered that a grasping thorax is not a disease in itself but merely a symptom. If emphysema is the cause, the changes in the lungs are irreversible, i.e. irreversible. However, the progression of the disease can be slowed down by giving up smoking and bronchodilator medication. … Therapy | Barrel thorax
Products The active ingredient fluticasone has been approved in many countries since 1994 and is included in numerous drugs: Powder inhalers (Arnuity Ellipta, Seretide + salmeterol, Relvar Ellipta + vilanterol, Trelegy Ellipta + vilanterol + umeclidinium bromide). Metered dose inhalers (Axotide, Seretide + salmeterol, Flutiform + formoterol). Nasal sprays (Avamys, Nasofan, Dymista + azelastine). Nasal … Fluticasone
Products The fixed combination of beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol was approved in many countries in 2019 in the form of a metered-dose inhaler with a compressed-gas inhalation solution. In other countries, the drug has been registered for longer, for example in Germany since 2006. The powder inhalers have not yet been approved in many countries. … Beclometasone and Formoterol
Possibilities of therapy The therapy of COPD consists of the following measures and must be adapted individually. – Avoid triggering noxae Drugs Oxygen therapy and breathing apparatus Night-time breathing apparatuses Respiratory gymnastics Infection prophylaxis Avoiding noxious substances Very important in therapy is to find the triggering factors of COPD and to eliminate them if possible. … Therapy of a COPD
Oxygen and breathing apparatus In some cases oxygen therapy may be indicated. In this case, the affected persons are supplied with oxygen via a nasal probe, which can also be carried out at home. Breathing masks worn at night are intended to promote relaxation during sleep. A device ensures regular, sufficient breathing with an adequate … Oxygen and breathing apparatus | Therapy of a COPD
Infection prophylaxis Since COPD patients are susceptible to infections, especially of the respiratory tract, vaccinations against e.g. influenza or bacteria (e.g. pneumococcus) may be indicated as prophylaxis. Due to the chronic inflammation in the area of the respiratory tract, COPD patients have an increased risk of lung infections. One of the reasons for this is … Infection prophylaxis | Therapy of a COPD
Classification The diagnosis of COPD is divided into the four pillars. The pillars consist of: Physical examination Collection of laboratory parameters Pulmonary function test Imaging techniques Physical examination The diagnosis begins with a conversation (anamnesis) about the symptoms, followed by a detailed physical examination by the doctor. This clinical examination for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease … Diagnosis of COPD
Introduction COPD is one of the most common lung diseases in Germany. Especially the consumption of cigarettes is associated with the development of the disease. COPD is accompanied by a typical symptom pattern, which typically worsens as the disease progresses. Overview of symptoms of COPD COPD is characterized by various symptoms, among which are The … COPD symptoms
Sputum when coughing Sputum is the term used to describe material that is additionally transported out of the respiratory tract when coughing. Depending on the underlying disease, the sputum takes on different colours and consistencies. In COPD the sputum is often white-glass or white-foamy. Especially in COPD, which is caused by regular smoking, the sput … Sputum when coughing | COPD symptoms
