Structure and properties Cocaethylene (C18H23NO4, Mr = 317.4 g/mol) is a derivative of cocaine. Unlike cocaine, it contains an ethyl ester rather than a methyl ester. Formation Cocaethylene is formed when cocaine and ethanol are consumed simultaneously in the liver by a process called transesterification. The reaction occurs during catalysis by carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1). This … Cocaethylene
Products In many countries, finished medicines containing cocaine are currently no longer commercially available. However, they can be prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy. Cocaine is subject to the Narcotics Act and requires an aggravated prescription, but it is not banned as a drug. It is also sold as an illegal narcotic on … Cocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Effects Aphrodisiac Medical indications To promote sex drive or potency. Erectile dysfunction in men “Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder” (decreased sexual drive). Active ingredients Use v.a. in erectile dysfunction: phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors increase blood flow to the corpus cavernosum of the penis and act only during sexual stimulation: Sildenafil (Viagra) Tadalafil (Cialis) Vardenafil (Levitra) Prostaglandins must be … Aphrodisiacs
Products Methadone is commercially available as tablets, injectable solution, and oral solution (e.g., Ketalgin, Methadone Streuli). Methadone solutions are also prepared in pharmacies as extemporaneous preparations. Structure and properties Methadone (C21H27NO, Mr = 309.45 g/mol) is a synthetically prepared derivative of pethidine, which is itself a derivative of atropine. It is chiral and exists as … Methadone
Causes and classification 1. primary, idiopathic headache without underlying disease: Tension headache Migraine Cluster headache Mixed and other, rarer primary forms. 2. secondary headache: the causes of secondary headache as a result of a disease, a particular condition or substances are numerous: head or cervical trauma: Posttraumatic headache Cervical spine acceleration trauma Vascular disorders of … Headache
Products Alcohol is contained in numerous intoxicating and stimulant products, such as wines, sparkling wines, beers and high-proof spirits. Per capita consumption in many countries averages about 8 liters of pure alcohol per year. Ethanol is also available as an open product in various qualities in pharmacies and drugstores (e.g. ethanol 70% with camphor, ethanol … Ethanol
Products Methylphenidate is commercially available in many countries in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, and sustained-release capsules (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta, Medikinet, Equasym, generics). It has been approved since 1954. The drug is subject to strict control as a narcotic and is available only by prescription. The isomer dexmethylphenidate (Focalin XR) is also … Methylphenidate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Typical symptoms of agranulocytosis include fever, chills, feeling ill, tonsillitis, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and lesions and bleeding of the oral, nasal, pharyngeal, genital, or anal mucosa. The disease can lead to dangerous infections and blood poisoning and, if left untreated, can relatively often be fatal. Agranulocytosis usually occurs rarely to very rarely as … Agranulocytosis Symptoms and Treatment
Products Stimulants are commercially available as drugs, narcotics, dietary supplements, and foods. Dosage forms include tablets, capsules, and solutions. Structure and properties Stimulants do not have a uniform chemical structure, but groups can be identified. Many, for example the amphetamines, are derived from the natural catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects The active ingredients … Stimulants
Cocaine, colloquially known as coke, is a narcotic drug with enormously high dependence potential. Even the first use of cocaine here can lead to addiction. The white powder is produced by a chemical process from the leaves of the coca bush. While cocaine was once considered a common painkiller in doctors’ offices and hospitals, cocaine … Cocaine: Intoxicating Drug that is Highly Addictive
Products Coca leaves are considered narcotics in many countries and are subject to more stringent prescription requirements. However, unlike other psychotropic medicinal drugs, they are not banned. Old pharmacopoeias still mention the leaves and preparations made from them. The sweet drink Coca-Cola contains an extract of coca leaves, but today without cocaine. Stem plant The … Coca Leaves
Narcotics (e.g. opioids used in doping) are primarily understood to be the active substance group of morphine and its chemical relatives. These substances primarily have analgesic and euphoric effects. These two factors mean that pain arising in the musculoskeletal system can be better tolerated under maximum stress. However, the body’s own pain signals are important … Narcotic
