Products Disulfiram is commercially available in the form of water-suspendable tablets called dispersible tablets (Antabus). It has been approved in many countries since 1949. Structure and properties Disulfiram or tetraethylthiuram disulfide (C10H20N2S4, Mr = 296.54 g/mol) is a white to almost white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Prior to its medical use, … Disulfiram
Products Legally, a distinction can be made between legal intoxicants (e.g., alcohol, nicotine) and prohibited substances (e.g., many hallucinogens, some amphetamines, opioids). Some substances, such as the opioids or the benzodiazepines, are used as drugs and are legally available with a doctor’s prescription. However, their use as intoxicants is not intended and is therefore referred … Intoxicant
Health risks Tobacco smoking is one of the greatest threats to public health. The WHO estimates that up to 6 million people worldwide die prematurely from it each year, 600,000 of them from passive smoking. For Switzerland, the figure is around 9,000 deaths per year. And yet, about 28% of the population still smokes today, … Smoking: How does it affect your health?
General information Ephedrine is used in many medicines to treat colds and asthma. There have been many cases of unintentional doping, in which the active ingredient ephedrine has been found in athletes who have actually caught a cold. Thus, ephedrine, similar to caffeine, is tolerated at a limit concentration. The limit is 10 μg/ml urine. … Ephedrine
Symptoms A heart attack manifests itself in acute and severe pain and a feeling of tightness and pressure in the chest, which may also radiate to the arms, jaw or abdomen. Other symptoms include nausea, indigestion, shortness of breath, coughing, a break of sweat, pallor, fear of death, unconsciousness and dizziness. A myocardial infarction lasts … Heart Attack Causes and Treatment
Forensic psychiatry is a subspecialty and specialty of psychiatry and psychotherapy. Forensic psychiatry is perceived by the general public primarily through the state-run therapeutic facilities of the Maßregelvollzugs for mentally ill offenders, which exist in every German state. Placement in a forensic facility occurs after a criminal offense at the request of the public prosecutor’s … Forensic Psychiatry: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Products Doping agents include approved drugs, legal and illegal intoxicants, experimental agents, and illegally manufactured and trafficked substances. Doping includes non-drug doping methods, such as blood doping, in addition to drugs. Effects Doping agents differ in their pharmacological activities. Stimulants, for example, stimulate and thus increase alertness and aggressiveness for competition. In contrast, beta-blockers provide … Doping in Competitive Sports
Products Procaine has been commercially available in many countries since 1941 in the form of ear drops (Otalgan). Currently, it is available in many countries only as a combination preparation. Structure and properties Procaine (C13H20N2O2, Mr = 236.31 g/mol) was synthesized as the first synthetic ester local anesthetic by Einhorn in 1905. The local anesthetic … Procaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Alkaloids and their derivatives are contained as active ingredients in numerous medicines. They have been used medicinally for thousands of years, such as opium with morphine or coca leaves with cocaine. In 1805, a pure alkaloid was extracted for the first time by the German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner with morphine. Structure and properties Alkaloids … Alkaloids
Products Vinum tonicum is not commercially available as a finished drug in many countries. Pharmacies and drugstores can make it themselves or order it from specialized suppliers (without coca extract). The successor prepart is the tonic FH. Production Manufacturing specification PM (1971, 4th edition): A Calcium glycerinophosphoricum solutum 50%. 2.0 B Extractum colae fluidum 1.0 … Vinum Tonicum PM
Cocaine is rarely used as a doping agent. Cocaine is found in the leaves of the South American coca bushes and is often used by locals in Bolivia and Peru to postpone the onset of fatigue. Cocaine is an alkaloid and is extracted from the active components of the coca bush. In 1750, the first … Cocaine
Products Serotonin receptor antagonists are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, melting tablets, soft capsules, as syrups, and as infusion/injection preparations. This article refers to the setrone (5-HT3 receptor antagonists), which are used as antiemetics. The first agent from this group to be approved in the United States was ondansetron (Zofran) in 1991, … Serotonin Antagonists (Setrone)
