Definition Eye drops are sterile, aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions of one or more active ingredients for dropwise application to the eye. They may contain excipients. Aqueous preparations in multi-dose containers must contain a suitable preservative if the preparation is not itself sufficiently antimicrobial. Eye drops without preservatives must be marketed in single-dose containers. … Eye Drops for Dry, Red, Pink or Itchy Eyes
Doping, anabolic steroids, growth hormones, steroids, steroid hormones, beta-2 agonists, diuretics Here you will find detailed information on Anabolic steroids Epo Beta – 2- agonists The beta- 2- agonists (e.g. clenbuterol) also belong today to the group of prohibited doping substances. In 1993, the IOC put this substance on the doping list. The beta- 2- … Active substances in doping
First of all, it should be mentioned that the prohibited substances listed below are not substances specifically developed for sport, but are a misuse of special drugs as doping. In addition to the performance-enhancing effect, health hazards and detectability are the criteria for inclusion in the doping list. In the case of peptide hormones and … Doping in sport
Comparison to spinal anesthesia All articles in this series: Epidural anaesthesia Application Advantages Comparison to spinal anesthesia
Introduction Pain is a major topic in all areas of medicine. In acute cases, pain can strain the circulation, aggravates the subjective experience of an illness and can also become a long-term burden. Sometimes pain can no longer be controlled with conventional medication in tablet form. It is then possible to switch from a so-called … Epidural anaesthesia
Application The epidural anaesthesia or the epidural catheter can be used for all procedures where a targeted elimination of pain in a specific region of the body is desired. Depending on the height of the intervention site, the pain catheter can be placed in different areas of the spine. The best known is the use … Application | Epidural anaesthesia
Advantages The advantages are simply that the patient is free of pain. Even after an operation, the pain can be eliminated, the patient is thus faster on his legs and rehabilitation can be achieved more quickly. Gentle behaviour or a relieving posture in the affected body part is avoided, which means that normal function can … Advantages | Epidural anaesthesia
Pulmonary embolism is most frequently caused by deep vein thrombosis (syn. phlebothrombosis). It often develops in the deep veins of the leg, especially in people with diseases of the coagulation system or bedridden patients. However, it can also occur as a result of an inflammatory event or trauma, or if the flow conditions change as … Causes of a pulmonary embolism
Why is it sometimes impossible to find a cause for a pulmonary embolism? The cause of a pulmonary embolism is not always an obvious thrombosis, i.e. the occlusion of a vein in a leg by a blood clot. Embolisms can also be triggered by amniotic fluid at birth. An air embolism can also be the … Why is it sometimes impossible to find a cause for a pulmonary embolism? | Causes of a pulmonary embolism
Erythropoietin (Epo) belongs to the group of glycoprotein hormones and is produced in the kidney. From there it is transported via the blood to the red bone marrow, where it triggers the formation of new erythrocytes. In medicine, Epo is used in renal insufficiency (reduced erythrocyte concentration in the blood). Epo can now be produced … Epo – Erythropoietin
Introduction This group of active ingredients are substrates that are approved for use in competitions with certain restrictions. These substances are not directly included in doping. However, the question arises as to whether it does not appear medically more sensible to cure the athlete completely than to treat him with local anaesthetics or corticosteroids. The … Restricted use of active substances in doping
Blood doping, along with physical, chemical and pharmacological manipulation, is one of the prohibited doping methods. Regular endurance sports increase the blood volume and the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. This effect can be achieved by supplying the body’s own blood or foreign blood of the same blood group. The transfusion is usually carried … Blood doping
