Products Medicinal products containing preparations of opium, such as the opium tincture or an opium extract, are used less frequently. In contrast, the pure alkaloids such as morphine and codeine and related opioids are very commonly used medicinally, especially in pain management. Opium and the opioids are subject to narcotics laws. Stem plant The opium … Opium Poppy
Products Paracetamol is commercially available in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, melting tablets, effervescent tablets, as granules, drops, syrups, suppositories, soft capsules, and infusion solution, among others (e.g., Acetalgin, Dafalgan, Panadol, and Tylenol). Paracetamol was not approved until the 1950s (Panadol, Tylenol), although it was developed in the 19th century. It has been registered … Paracetamol: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Knee osteoarthritis manifests itself as knee pain, which occurs primarily during physical activity and when the joint is under stress. They are often triggered at the beginning of movement (start-up pain), when climbing stairs, when standing up or when walking longer distances. Other complaints include limitation of mobility and quality of life, instability, an … Knee Osteoarthritis
Symptoms Coughing is a physiologic defense response used to clear foreign bodies, microorganisms, and mucus from the respiratory tract. An acute cough lasts up to three weeks and a subacute cough lasts up to eight weeks. After eight weeks, it is referred to as a chronic cough (Irwin et al., 2000). A distinction is also … Cough Causes and Remedies
Products Cough syrups are commercially available from numerous suppliers. Typical categories include herbal, “chemical” (containing synthetic active ingredients), cough-irritant, and expectorant. They are sold in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Cough syrup can also be prepared by the patient. For example, vegetable extracts (see below), honey, sugar and drinking water can be used. Homemade … Cough Syrups
Symptoms Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The leading symptom is a cough that is first dry and later often productive. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing, sounds when breathing (whistling, rattling), feeling sick, hoarseness, fever, chest pain, and accompanying symptoms of the common cold or flu. The disease is usually self-limiting, so … Acute Bronchitis
Symptoms Sore throat manifests as an inflamed and irritated throat lining and pain when swallowing or at rest. The palatine tonsils may also be inflamed, swollen, and coated. Possible accompanying symptoms include mucus production, cough, hoarseness, fever, headache, runny nose, eye irritation, feeling sick, and fatigue. Causes The most common cause of sore throat is … Sore Throat
Products Bromhexine is commercially available as tablets, syrup, and solution (Bisolvon). It has been approved in many countries since 1966. Structure and properties Bromhexine (C14H20Br2N2, Mr = 376.1 g/mol) is a brominated aniline and benzylamine derivative. It is present in drugs as bromhexine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. … Bromhexine
Effects Bronchial pastilles have anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, cough-irritant, and/or expectorant effects, among others, depending on the product. Indications Used for symptomatic treatment of irritable cough, cough with mucus production (catarrh), and for sore throat and hoarseness. Abuse Bronchial pastilles containing codeine can be abused as an intoxicant in overdose. Active ingredients Bronchial pastilles usually contain herbal … Bronchial Pastilles
Products Buclizine is no longer commercially available in many countries. It was formerly available in Migraleve with codeine and acetaminophen and Longifene. However, there are many antihistamines on the market that can be used as substitutes. Structure and properties Buclizine (C28H33ClN2, Mr = 433.0 g/mol) is a piperidine derivative. Effects Buclizine (ATC R06AE01 is antiallergic, … Buclizine
Symptoms Pseudocroup is usually preceded by a viral infection such as a cold or flu with nonspecific symptoms such as cough, runny nose, and fever. This soon develops into the following typical symptoms: Barking cough (similar to a seal), which worsens with anxiety and excitement Whistling breath sounds, especially when inhaling (inspiratory stridor), difficulty breathing. … Pseudocroup Causes and Treatment
Products Legally, a distinction can be made between legal intoxicants (e.g., alcohol, nicotine) and prohibited substances (e.g., many hallucinogens, some amphetamines, opioids). Some substances, such as the opioids or the benzodiazepines, are used as drugs and are legally available with a doctor’s prescription. However, their use as intoxicants is not intended and is therefore referred … Intoxicant
