In empty sella syndrome (empty stella syndrome), the pituitary gland, which is located in the stella turcica, is not visible. The reasons are of different nature. As a rule, those affected have no complaints. Whether and what treatment is required depends on the reason why empty sella syndrome has occurred. What is empty sella syndrome? … Empty Sella Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The drug Lisuride belongs to the drug class of dopamine agonists. It also belongs to the serotonin antagonists and to the HT2B antagonists. What is lisuride? Mainly, the drug lisuride is used in the therapy of Parkinson’s disease. The ergoline derivative lisuride is used for various indications. However, the drug is mainly used in the … Lisuride: Effects, Uses & Risks
Methylphenidate is chemically related to amphetamine and has a stimulant effect as a drug. It is also known by the trade name Ritalin. The drug is mainly used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD, and narcolepsy. What is methylphenidate? The drug is mainly used for the treatment of ADHD. Like amphetamine, methylphenidate … Methylphenidate: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products MDEA is one of the narcotics and banned substances in many countries. It is not commercially available. MDEA was first mentioned in the 1970s in the books of Alexander Shulgin. Structure and properties Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (C12H17NO2, Mr = 207.3 g/mol) is a 3,4-methylenedioxy derivative of an -ethylated amphetamine. It is structurally closely related to ecstasy … MDEA (Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine)
Products 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is not licensed in many countries. It is one of the prohibited narcotics (d) and is therefore not commercially available. MDPV was developed as a designer drug and was therefore initially available legally in many countries. It was marketed as “bath salts” to give it a legal appearance. Structure and properties MDPV … MDPV
Products Tolcapone is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Tasmar). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Tolcapone (C14H11NO5, Mr = 273.2 g/mol) exists as a yellow, odorless, non-hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is a nitrobenzophenone. Effects Tolcapone (ATC N04BX01) affects the pharmacokinetics of levodopa. The effects are due … Tolcapon
Products Sunovion’s dasotraline is in the regulatory phase and is therefore not yet available. Structure and properties Dasotralin (C16H15Cl2N, Mr = 292.2 g/mol) is a diastereomer of the desmethyl metabolite of sertraline (Zoloft, generics). Effects Dasotraline selectively inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine into presynaptic neurons in the central nervous system. The … Dasotralin
Effects Decarboxylase inhibitors inhibit decarboxylase, which metabolizes levodopa to dopamine. They are used exclusively in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease. Their effect is limited to the periphery because they hardly cross the blood–brain barrier. Decarboxylase inhibitors thus allow more or less selective degradation of levodopa to dopamine in the central nervous system and … Decarboxylase Inhibitor
The vomiting center is composed of the area postrema and the nucleus solitarius and is located in the brainstem. It triggers the process of vomiting in a defensive response to potential toxins that a person ingests through food. Cerebral vomiting is based on increased intracranial pressure or direct pressure on the vomiting center; possible causes … Vomiting Center: Structure, Function & Diseases
Products In many countries, there are no finished medicines containing amineptine on the market. Amineptin is one of the narcotics and requires an aggravated prescription. It was withdrawn from the market in France and other European countries in 1999 (Survector, Servier). Structure and properties Amineptine (C22H27NO2, Mr = 337.5 g/mol) belongs to the tricyclic antidepressants. … Amineptin
Cortisol is a hormone that is vital for the human body. It is formed in the organism itself and functions mainly as a so-called stress hormone. Since it also acts on the immune system, it is used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory, among other things. What is cortisol? Cortisol is a hormone that is vital … Cortisol: Effects, Uses & Risks
Segawa syndrome represents a very rare hereditary disorder of the nervous system that shows symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease. The disorder belongs to the large group of dystonias, which are characterized by stiffening of the muscles. If the disease is correctly diagnosed, treatment is very simple and successful. What is Segawa syndrome? Segawa syndrome, as … Segawa Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment