Definition After a drug is ingested, it passes through the esophagus into the stomach and into the small intestine. There, the active ingredient must first be released from the dosage form. This is the prerequisite for it to be absorbed into the bloodstream via the cells of the mucosa. The dosage form thus exerts a … Release (Liberation)
Products Oxybutynin is commercially available in tablet form and as a transdermal patch (Ditropan, Kentera). It has been approved in many countries since 1988, and the transdermal patch has been available since 2007. Extemporaneous formulations are also produced; see Intravesical oxybutynin solution (for use in the urinary bladder). Other dosage forms have been released in … Oxybutynin
Products There are many lozenges available in the market. They are medicines, medical devices or dietary supplements. Structure and properties Lozenges are solid and single-dose preparations intended for sucking. They contain one or more active ingredients, usually in a flavored or sweetened base, and they are intended to dissolve or or disintegrate slowly in the … Lozenges
Products Among the most commonly used pharmaceutical syrups are the cough syrups that relieve cough irritation or expectorant. In addition, however, many other drugs are available as syrups, including analgesics, laxatives, antibiotics and other anti-infectives, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, tonics (tonics), antiepileptics, and beta2-sympathomimetics. Some syrups, such as those containing herbal extracts, can also … Syrups
Products Mycophenolate mofetil is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as an injectable, and as a suspension (CellCept, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Mycophenolate mofetil (C23H31NO7, Mr = 433.5 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder and is practically insoluble in water. It is … Mycophenolate Mofetil
Products Ointments are commercially available as medicinal products, medical devices and cosmetics. In colloquial language, ointments refer to various semi-solid preparations. In pharmacy, however, ointments are distinguished from creams, pastes and gels. Structure and properties Ointments are semi-solid preparations for external use. They consist of a single-phase base in which solid or liquid substances may … Ointments
Products Ointment bases are available, for example, in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties Ointment bases are usually lipophilic substances or mixtures which are used as a basis for the production of ointments. Typical components are (selection): Hydrocarbons such as petrolatum, kerosenes. Macrogols (PEG) Waxes such as wool wax (lanolin) and beeswax. Fatty oils such … Ointment Base
Products Naproxen has been approved in many countries since 1975 and is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (e.g., Apranax, Proxen, generics). Other dosage forms such as the suppositories and the juice are no longer available. Drugs with a deep dose have been available over the counter since 1999 (Aleve with 200 mg … Naproxen: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Definition Drugs or medicines are preparations which are intended for medical use on humans. They are used not only for the treatment of diseases, but also for prevention (e.g. vaccines) and for diagnostics (e.g. contrast media). Veterinary drugs, which are used in animals, are also counted among medicinal products. Active pharmaceutical ingredients Pharmaceuticals usually contain … Drugs
Products The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are mainly taken in the form of film-coated tablets or capsules. In addition, other dosage forms such as dispersible tablets, melting tablets and drops are available. Zimelidin was the first to be developed in the 1970s and was approved in the early 1980s. Sales had to be discontinued … Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Products In many countries, few eye ointments are currently on the market because eye drops are more commonly used. Some eye drops are available without prescription, while others are available only with a doctor’s prescription. Structure and properties Eye ointments are semisolid and sterile preparations for application to the eye, intended for use on the … Eye Ointments Uses
Definition Eye drops are sterile, aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions of one or more active ingredients for dropwise application to the eye. They may contain excipients. Aqueous preparations in multi-dose containers must contain a suitable preservative if the preparation is not itself sufficiently antimicrobial. Eye drops without preservatives must be marketed in single-dose containers. … Eye Drops for Dry, Red, Pink or Itchy Eyes
