How enalapril works Enalapril affects one of the most important systems in the human body for regulating blood pressure: the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). To maintain blood pressure, the enzyme renin is produced in the kidneys. It converts the protein angiotensinogen from the liver into the hormone precursor angiotensin I. In a second step, another enzyme … Enalapril: Effects, applications, side effects
Products Most ACE inhibitors are commercially available in the form of tablets and film-coated tablets. The first agent from this group to be approved was captopril, in many countries in 1980. ACE inhibitors are often combined with the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) fix. Structure and properties ACE inhibitors are peptidomimetics derived from peptides found in … ACE Inhibitors List, Effects, Side Effects
Products Enalapril is commercially available in tablet form (Reniten, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1984. The active ingredient is also combined fixed with hydrochlorothiazide. Structure and properties Enalapril (C20H28N2O5, 376.45 g/mol) is present in drugs as enalapril maleate, a white powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Enalapril is the prodrug … Enalapril: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Perindopril is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and has been approved in many countries since 1989 (Coversum N, generic). It is also approved as a fixed combination with indapamide (Coversum N combi, generic) or amlodipine (Coveram, generic). Generic of the fixed combination with amlodipine was first registered in many countries in … Perindopril
Effects The RAAS is activated in the presence of low blood pressure, decreased blood volume, hyponatremia, and sympathetic activation. Main actions: mediated via angiotensin II: Vasoconstriction Blood pressure increase Release of catecholamines Hypertrophy at the heart Mediated via aldosterone: Water and sodium ions are retained Potassium ions and protons are eliminated Overview of the RAAS … Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Definition Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction of an alcohol or phenol and an acid such as a carboxylic acid. The condensation reaction releases a water molecule. The general formula of esters is: esters can also be formed with thiols (thioesters), with other organic acids, and with inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid … Ester
Products Lercanidipine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Zanidip, Zanipress + enalapril). It has been approved in many countries since 2004. Generic versions were registered in 2014. Structure and properties Lercanidipine (C36H41N3O6, Mr = 611.7 g/mol) is a dihydropyridine. It is present in drugs as lercanidipine hydrochloride. The -enantiomer is primarily active. … Lercanidipine
What are prodrugs? Not all active pharmaceutical ingredients are directly active. Some must first be converted to the active substance by an enzymatic or non-enzymatic conversion step in the body. These are the so-called . The term was introduced by Adrien Albert in 1958. It is estimated that up to 10% of all active ingredients … Prodrugs
Symptoms High blood pressure is often asymptomatic, meaning that no symptoms occur. Nonspecific symptoms such as headache, bleeding in the eye, nosebleeds, and dizziness are observed. In advanced disease, various organs such as the vessels, retina, heart, brain and kidney are affected. Hypertension is a known and important risk factor for atherosclerosis, dementia, cardiovascular diseases … Hypertension
