Products Drospirenone is commercially available as a fixed combination with ethinyl estradiol for contraception in the form of film-coated tablets (Yasmin, Yasminelle, YAZ, generics, auto-generics). Drospirenone is also used in combination with estradiol for hormone replacement therapy (Angeliq). Bayer’s originals Yasmin, Yasminelle and YAZ will go off the market in many countries in December 2021. … Drospirenone
Products Phytoestrogens are commercially available as dietary supplements, for example, in the form of capsules and tablets. They are found in various plants for example in nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables. A typical example is soy. Structure and properties Phytoestrogens are a structurally disparate group of phytonutrients that resemble estrogens (estradiol) but do not have … Phytoestrogens
Products Red clover is commercially available in the form of capsules, tablets, as a tea and medicinal drug (Trifolii rubri flos), among others. It is mainly marketed as a food supplement. Stem plant Red clover belongs to the legume family (Fabaceae). The herb is found in many meadows and fields in this country and is … Red Clover
Products Dienogest is commercially available in many countries as a fixed combination with estradiol valerate in tablet form (Qlaira). Furthermore, a monopreparation for endometriosis therapy is available (Visanne, see under Dienogest Endometriosis). The fixed combination with ethinyl estradiol (Valette, generic) was approved in many countries in 2014. Dienogest + estradiol Qlaira has been on the … Dienogest
Products Dienogest is commercially available for endometriosis therapy in tablet form (Visanne, generic). Structure and properties Dienogest (C20H25NO2, Mr = 311.4 g/mol) is a derivative of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone) and carries a cyanomethyl group. Effects Dienogest (ATC G03DB08) has progestogenic and antiandrogenic properties. The effects are due to selective binding to progesterone receptors. Dienogest abolishes the … Dienogest (Endometriosis Therapy)
Products Nomegestrol acetate is commercially available as a fixed combination with the natural estrogen estradiol in the form of film-coated tablets (Zoely). It has been approved in many countries since 2012 and entered the market in 2013. Structure and properties Nomegestrol acetate (C23H30O4, Mr = 370.5 g/mol) is derived from progestin 19-norprogesterone and progesterone, respectively. … Nomegestrol Acetate
Definition Phenols are organic compounds consisting of aromatics bearing one or more hydroxyl groups (Ar-OH). The simplest representative is phenol: this in contrast to alcohols, which are bonded to an aliphatic radical. For example, benzyl alcohol is an alcohol and not a phenol. Nomenclature The names of phenols are formed with the suffix –phenol, e.g., … Phenols
Definition Glucuronidation refers to an intracellular metabolic reaction in which an endogenous or exogenous substrate is conjugated to glucuronic acid. The organism thereby makes the substrates more water soluble so that they can be rapidly excreted in the urine. Glucuronidation belongs to phase II metabolism (conjugations). UDP: uridine diphosphate UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes involved Glucuronidation is … Glucuronidation
Products Dydrogesterone is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Duphaston, fixed combination with estradiol: Femoston conti). It has been approved in many countries since 1963. Structure and properties Dydrogesterone (C21H28O2, Mr = 312.4 g/mol) Effects Dydrogesterone (ATC G03DB01) has gestagenic properties. Indications Hormone replacement therapy in combination with an estrogen (menopause, ovariectomy). Cycle … Dydrogesterone
Products Ethinyl estradiol is present in numerous hormonal contraceptives as an estrogenic component in fixed combination with a progestin. In addition to traditional birth control pills, modern dosage forms such as the contraceptive patch and the contraceptive ring are also on the market. Ethinyl estradiol, unlike the female sex hormone estradiol, has a higher oral … Ethinylestradiol
Products Two contraceptive patches are currently on the market in many countries. They are transdermal patches: Norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol (Evra, approved since the year 2003). Gestodene and ethinylestradiol (Lisvy, approved since the year 2015). Unlike the Evra patch (20 cm2), the new Lisvy patch is smaller (11 cm2) and transparent instead of skin-colored. Thus, … Contraceptive Patch
Products The progestin etonogestrel and the estrogen ethinylestradiol are commercially available in the form of a vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing). The drug has been approved in many countries since 2003. Generics have also been registered since 2017. Whether the contraceptive ring needs to be stored in the refrigerator depends on the product. Meanwhile, medicines are … Contraceptive Ring
