glinides

Sulfonylureas: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Effects Sulfonylureas (ATC A10BB) have antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and insulin secretagogue properties. Active Ingredients 1st generation: Tolbutamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide (all off-label). Chlorpropamide (Diabiformin, out of commerce). 2nd generation: Glibenclamide (Daonil, generic). Glibornuride (Glutril, off label). Glipizide (Glibenese, out of trade) Gliclazide (Diamicron /-MR, generic). 3rd generation: Glimepiride (Amaryl, generic). Cf. Diabetes mellitus type 2, glinides

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Causes and Treatment

Symptoms The possible acute symptoms of type 2 diabetes include: Thirst (polydipsia) and hunger (polyphagia). Increased urination (polyuria). Visual disturbances Weight loss Fatigue, exhaustion, declining performance. Poor wound healing, infectious diseases. Skin lesions, itching Acute complications: Hyperacidity (ketoacidosis), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Untreated diabetes is far from harmless and can lead in the longer term to … Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Causes and Treatment

Repaglinide

Products Repaglinide is commercially available in tablet form (NovoNorm, generic). It was approved in many countries in 1999. Structure and properties Repaglinide (C27H36N2O4, Mr = 452.6 g/mol) is a meglitinide and carbamoylmethylbenzoic acid derivative without sulfonylurea structure. It is a white, odorless powder that is practically insoluble in water due to its lipophilicity. In drugs, … Repaglinide

Gliclazide

Products Gliclazide has been commercially available in sustained-release tablet form and approved in many countries since 1978. The sustained-release dosage forms entered the market in 2001. In addition to the original Diamicron MR, sustained-release generics have been available since 2008. Sales of the non-retarded Diamicron 80 mg were discontinued in 2012. Structure and properties Gliclazide … Gliclazide

Glinides (Meglitinides): Diabetes Drugs

Products Glinides are commercially available in tablet form. Repaglinide (NovoNorm, USA: 1997) was the first to be approved in many countries in 1999, and nateglinide (Starlix) was approved a year later in 2000. Structure and properties The glinides differ structurally from the sulfonylureas. They are also referred to as meglitinide analogs. Repaglinide is a carbamoylmethylbenzoic … Glinides (Meglitinides): Diabetes Drugs

Nateglinide

Products Nateglinide is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Starlix, Starlix mite). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Nateglinide (C19H27NO3, Mr = 317.42 g/mol) is a cyclohexane derivative of the amino acid phenylalanine. It is a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Nateglinide (ATC … Nateglinide

Antidiabetics

Active ingredients Insulins substitute for endogenous insulin: Human insulin Insulin analogues Biguanides reduce hepatic glucose formation: Metformin (Glucophage, generic). Sulfonylureas promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Glibenclamide (Daonil, generic). Glibornuride (Glutril, off label). Gliclazide (Diamicron, generic). Glimepiride (Amaryl, generics) Glinides promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Repaglinide (NovoNorm, generic). Nateglinide (Starlix) Glitazones decrease peripheral insulin … Antidiabetics

Glinide

Synonyms in a broader sense Diabetes drugs, diabetes mellitus, repaglinide (e.g. Novonorm®) and nateglinide (e.g. Starlix®) How do the glinides repaglinide (e.g. Novonorm®) and nateglinide (e.g. Starlix®) work? Repaglinide (Novonorm®) and nateglinide (Starlix®) promote the release of insulin from the pancreas. A prerequisite for this is that the pancreas itself can still produce insulin. When … Glinide

Side effects | Glinide

Side effects As with other oral antidiabetics, gastrointestinal problems such as nausea and vomiting as well as diarrhea or constipation can occur during therapy with repaglinide (Novonorm®) or nateglinide (Starlix®). 10 percent of patients treated with glinides experienced headaches and diffuse visual disturbances, which were attributed to strongly fluctuating blood glucose levels. Under therapy with … Side effects | Glinide

Side effects of Metformin

Metformin is one of the best known drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is an acquired diabetes, also known as “adult-onset diabetes”, which, according to a possible genetic predisposition, is aggravated by overweight and leads to permanently elevated blood sugar levels. In order to reduce the excessive sugar levels in … Side effects of Metformin