Head lice: brief overview Appearance: up to 3 millimeters in size, flat, color translucent-whitish, gray or brownish; the eggs (nits) are up to 0.8 millimeters in size, oval, initially translucent, later white. Transmission: mostly directly from person to person in close body contact; more rarely indirectly via objects such as hairbrushes or caps; NO transmission … Detecting and treating head lice
Products Abametapir was approved in the United States in 2020 as an emulsion for external use (Xeglyze). Structure and properties Abametapir (C12H12N2, Mr = 184.24 g/mol) consists of two molecules of methylpyridine covalently bonded together. The active ingredient is present as an oil-in-water emulsion. Effects Abametapir has insecticidal and ovicidal properties, meaning it kills both … Abametapir
Products Shampoos are marketed as drugs, personal care products, and medical devices. Examples of active ingredients in medicines are listed below: Glucocorticoids Selenium disulfide, sulfur Antifungals: Ketoconazole, ciclopirox Zinc pyrithione Salicylic acid Structure and properties Shampoos are liquid to viscous preparations for application to the skin and scalp, which are washed out with water after … Shampoos
Effects Insecticidal Antiparasitic Ovicidal: killing eggs Larvicidal: larvae killing Partially insect repellent Indications Infestation by parasites, such as head lice and fleas. Active ingredients (selection) Allethrin Crotamiton (Eurax, out of trade). Disulfiram (Antabus, not commercially available for this indication). Flea medication Ivermectin (Stromectol, France) Lindane (Jacutin, out of trade). Malathion (Prioderm, out of trade) Mesulfen … Insecticides
Symptoms Itching Lice and nits in the pubic hair Gray to blue skin patches (maculae ceruleae, “taches bleues”) at the injection sites Reddish brown spots on the underwear Causes The blood-sucking crab louse is a wingless insect about 1 to 2 mm long with 6 legs and large foot claws on the 2nd and 3rd … Pubic Lice (Crabs): Causes and Treatment
Products Jacutin gel and emulsion are no longer commercially available. Alternatives for the treatment of scabies and head lice: see corresponding indications. In Germany, the “Jacutin Pedicul Fluid” is on the market. However, it contains dimeticone and not lindane. Structure and properties Lindane or 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (C6H6Cl6, Mr = 290.83 g/mol) is a white crystalline powder … Lindane
Products Dimethicone is commercially available in many countries as a drug in the form of capsules as a fixed combination with other active ingredients (Carboticon). It is also present in lice remedies, cosmetics and technical agents and has been registered since 1964. Structure and properties Dimethicone (C2H6OSi)n exists as a clear, colorless liquid of varying … Dimethicone
Products Permethrin is contained in numerous veterinary medicines, plant protection products, in agents against vermin such as insect sprays against wasps, ants, woodworms, moths, and in repellents. In many countries, only one drug was registered with Swissmedic for a long time, namely Loxazol lotion (1%) against head lice. The cream with 5% permethrin against scabies … Permethrin
Symptoms Possible symptoms of head lice infestation include itching and skin disorders of the scalp. Lice eczema occurs mainly on the back of the neck and may be accompanied by swollen lymph nodes. A head lice infestation can also proceed without symptoms, especially in the beginning during the first weeks. The eggs and empty egg … Head Lice Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Products Ivermectin is commercially available in some countries in tablet form (Stromectol). It has not yet been registered in many countries and therefore must be imported from abroad if needed. Ivermectin has been used medicinally since the 1980s, initially primarily as a veterinary drug. This article refers to peroral administration in humans. See also under … Ivermectin
Symptoms Dandruff is white or slightly gray in color. While dry dandruff tends to be small and small-shaped, greasy dandruff develops larger and also thicker scales due to the adhesive property of sebum. The most affected area is usually the crown of the head, while the nape of the neck usually has little or no … Dandruff
Products The pure tea tree oil is available in pharmacies and drugstores. There are numerous products with the essential oil on the market, for example, body care products, lip balms, mouthwashes and toothpastes. These are usually not registered medicines. Structure and properties Tea tree oil is the essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the … Tea Tree Oil: Medicinal Uses
