hygroscopic

Colestyramine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Colestyramine is commercially available as a powder in sachets (Quantalan). It has been approved in many countries since 1990. Structure and properties Colestyramine is a strongly basic anion exchange resin in the chloride form, consisting of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups. It exists as a white, fine, hygroscopic powder that is insoluble … Colestyramine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Promethazine

Products In many countries, drugs containing promethazine are currently no longer on the market. The last product to be withdrawn from the market was Rhinathiol promethazine with the expectorant carbocisteine on January 31, 2009. However, medicines are still available in many countries. The original drug is Phenergan. Promethazine was developed in the 1940s at Rhône-Poulenc, … Promethazine

Croscarmellose Sodium

Products Croscarmellose sodium is used as an excipient in medicines, especially in tablets. Structure and properties Croscarmellose sodium is the sodium salt of a partially -carboxymethylated, cross-linked cellulose. It exists as a white to grayish-white, hygroscopic powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Croscarmellose sodium swells with water. Indications for use Croscarmellose sodium is … Croscarmellose Sodium

Crospovidone

Products Crospovidone (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) is found in many drugs as an excipient, especially in tablets. Not to be confused with copovidone. Structure and properties Crospovidone is a cross-linked homopolymer of 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one. It exists as a white to yellowish-white hygroscopic powder or as a leaflet and is practically insoluble in water. This is in contrast to the … Crospovidone

Carbomers

Products Carbomers are commercially available as eye drops and eye gels (tear substitutes). Furthermore, they are contained in many gels and other medicinal products as excipients. They are also used in medical devices and personal care products. Pure carbomers, such as the commonly used carbomer 980, are available from specialty retailers and pharmacies. Structure and … Carbomers

Liothyronine

Products Liothyronine (T3) is commercially available in many countries in tablet form in combination with levothyroxine (T4) (Novothyral). In other countries, monopreparations without levothyroxine are also available. Structure and properties Liothyronine (C15H12I3NO4, Mr = 650.977 g/mol) is present in drugs as liothyronine sodium, a white to pale colored, hygroscopic powder that is practically insoluble in … Liothyronine

Polidocanol (Vein Sclerotherapy)

Products Polidocanol is commercially available as a solution for injection (Sclerovein, Aethoxysclerol). It has been approved in many countries since 1967. Synonyms for the active ingredient include polidocanol 600 and lauromacrogol 400. Structure and properties Polidocanol is a mixture of ethers of various macrogols with fatty alcohols, mainly lauryl alcohol (C12H26O). It exists as a … Polidocanol (Vein Sclerotherapy)

Valsartan

Products Valsartan is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and has been approved since 1996 (Diovan, generic). The active ingredient is also combined fixed with other agents: Hydrochlorothiazide (co-Diovan, Exforge HCT with amlodipine, generics). Amlodipine (Exforge, generic). Sacubitril (Entresto) Valsartan scandal: in July 2018, numerous generic drugs had to be recalled from the … Valsartan

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Products Dimethyl sulfoxide is approved as a drug in many countries and is sold exclusively in combination with other active ingredients. They are sprays, gels and creams. DMSO ointment 50% is produced in pharmacies. The pure substance is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Medicines for ingestion are not released. The metabolite MSM is available as … Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Hydroxycarbamide

Products Hydroxycarbamide is commercially available in the form of capsules (Litalir, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Hydroxycarbamide (CH4N2O2, Mr = 76.1 g/mol) is a hydroxylated urea (-hydroxyurea). It exists as a white, crystalline, hygroscopic powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Hydroxycarbamide (ATC L01XX05) is cytostatic. … Hydroxycarbamide

Vancomycin

Products Vancomycin is commercially available as an injectable and in capsule form (Vancocin, generics). It was discovered in 1957 in soil samples from a jungle in Borneo and has been approved in many countries since 1959. Structure and properties Vancomycin is present in drugs as vancomycin hydrochloride (C66H76Cl3N9O24, Mr = 1486 g/mol) is present, a … Vancomycin

Tolcapon

Products Tolcapone is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Tasmar). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Tolcapone (C14H11NO5, Mr = 273.2 g/mol) exists as a yellow, odorless, non-hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is a nitrobenzophenone. Effects Tolcapone (ATC N04BX01) affects the pharmacokinetics of levodopa. The effects are due … Tolcapon