Definition Accumulation refers to the accumulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the organism during regular drug administration. The term comes from the Latin (to accumulate). It occurs when there is an imbalance between the intake and elimination of the active ingredient. If the dosing interval is too short, too much drug is administered. If … Cumulation
Symptoms Symptoms of Covid-19 include (selection): Fever Cough (irritating cough or with sputum) Respiratory disorders, shortness of breath, shortness of breath. Feeling sick, fatigue Cold symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose, sore throat. Pain in the limbs, muscle and joint pain. Gastrointestinal complaints: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. Nervous system: impairment of the sense of smell … COVID-19
Mefloquine is the name of an active ingredient used to treat and prevent malaria. Due to its severe side effects, the manufacturer has stopped selling the drug in Germany. What is mefloquine? Mefloquine was jointly developed by Swiss pharmaceutical company F. Hoffmann-La-Roche AG and a U.S. Army institute to treat the tropical disease malaria. Prevention … Mefloquine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Mefloquine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (generic: mephaquine). The active ingredient was approved in many countries in 1984. Distribution of the original Lariam (Roche) was discontinued in 2014 for commercial reasons. Structure and properties Mefloquine (C17H16F6N2O, Mr = 378.3 g/mol) is a fluorinated quinoline and piperidine derivative and an analog … Mefloquine
Definition and examples When a drug is administered, for example, a tablet is swallowed or an injection is injected into a vein, the active pharmaceutical ingredients subsequently spread throughout the body. This process is called distribution. Active ingredients distribute throughout the bloodstream, into tissues, and are eliminated through metabolism and excretion. Mathematically, the volume of … Volume of Distribution
Products Celiprolol is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Selectol). It has been approved in many countries since 1987. Structure and properties Celiprolol (C20H34ClN3O4, Mr = 415.95 g/mol is a racemate and is present in drugs as celiprolol hydrochloride, a white to pale yellow crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects … Celiprolol
Symptoms Malaria (Italian, “bad air”) manifests itself in the following symptoms, which usually appear a few weeks after transmission. The incubation period ranges from a few days to several years: High fever, sometimes with rhythmic attacks of fever, every second or third day. However, the fever may also occur irregularly. Chills, profuse sweating. Headache, muscle … Malaria Causes and Treatment
Effects Antiparasitic against plasmodia. Indications Malaria Malaria prophylaxis Also for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, lupus erythematosus. Off-label: some antimalarials such as quinine and chloroquine are used off-label to treat calf cramps. Active ingredients Aminoquinolines: Amodiaquine Chloroquine (Nivaquine, out of commerce). Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Mepacrine Pamaquin Piperaquine Primaquine Tafenoquin (crinoline) Biguanides: Proguanil (Malarone + Atovaquone). Cycloguanilembonate … Antimalarials
P-glycoprotein P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1) is a primary active efflux transporter with a molecular weight of 170 kDa, belonging to the ABC superfamily and consisting of 1280 amino acids. P-gp is the product of the -gene (formerly: ). P is for , ABC is for . Occurrence P-glycoprotein is found on various tissues of the human … P-Glycoprotein
