Products Cetuximab is commercially available as an infusion solution (Erbitux). It has been approved in many countries since 2003. Structure and properties Cetuximab is a recombinant chimeric (human/mouse) IgG1 monoclonal antibody. It is produced by biotechnological methods. Effects Cetuximab (ATC L01XC06) has antitumor and antiangiogenic properties. It is a specific antibody against the epidermal growth … Cetuximab
Products Direct antiviralia are commercially available as drugs in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, and creams, among others. The first antiviral agent was approved in the 1960s (idoxuridine). Structure and properties Antivirala are a large group of drugs and have no uniform chemical structure. However, groups can be formed, such as the nucleoside analogs. … Antiviralia
Products Erenumab (Aimovig) was the first agent from the group of CGRP inhibitors to be approved in 2018. Fremanezumab (Ajovy) and galcanezumab (Emgality) followed. Structure and properties CGRP inhibitors are humanized or human monoclonal IgG antibodies directed against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Low-molecular-weight CGRP receptor antagonists (so-called Gepante) are in clinical development. Some agents have … CGRP Inhibitors
Products Pertuzumab is commercially available as a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Perjeta). It was approved in many countries in 2012. Structure and properties Pertuzumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody. It was developed as a successor to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Effects Pertuzumab (ATC L01XC13) has cytostatic and antiproliferative properties. The effects … Pertuzumab
Products Guselkumab was approved in the United States and the EU in 2017 and in many countries in 2018 as a solution for injection for subcutaneous use (Tremfya). Structure and properties Guselkumab is an IgG1λ monoclonal antibody produced by biotechnological methods. Effects Guselkumab (ATC L04AC16) has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The effects are due to … Guselkumab
Products Vedolizumab was approved in many countries in 2015 as a powder for a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Entyvio). In 2020, a prefilled pen and prefilled syringe were also registered. Structure and properties Vedolizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody with a molecular mass of 147 kDa. Effects Vedolizumab (ATC L04AA33) … Vedolizumab
Products Brodalumab was approved in Japan in 2016 (Lumicef) and in the United States and EU in 2017 as a solution for injection (Siliq, Kyntheum). Structure and properties Brodalumab is an IgG2κ monoclonal antibody with a molecular weight of 144 kDa, consisting of 1312 amino acids. It is produced by biotechnological methods. Effects Brodalumab (ATC … Brodalumab
Products Brolucizumab was approved as a solution for injection in the United States in 2019 and in many countries in 2020 (Beovu). Structure and properties Brolucizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody fragment with a single Fv chain (single-chain antibody fragment, scFv). The molecular mass is in the range of 26 kDa. It is significantly lower … Brolucizumab
Products Natalizumab is commercially available as a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Tysabri). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Structure and properties Natalizumab is a recombinant and humanized IgG4ϰ antibody produced in mouse cells that binds to α4-integrins. Effects Natalizumab (ATC L04AA23) has selective immunosuppressive properties. The effects are … Natalizumab
Symptoms Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening, and generalized hypersensitivity reaction. It usually occurs suddenly and affects various organs. It manifests itself in the following symptoms, among others: Respiratory symptoms: difficult breathing, bronchospasm, breathing sounds, coughing, undersupply of oxygen. Cardiovascular complaints: Low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, shock, collapse, unconsciousness. Skin and mucous membranes: Swelling, … Anaphylaxis
Background Kinases (phosphotransferases) are a large family of enzymes involved in the transduction and amplification of signals on and in cells. They exert their effects by phosphorylating their substrates, that is, by adding a phosphate group to the molecules (Figure). Kinases have complicated names that are usually abbreviated: ALK, AXL, BCR-ABL, c-Kit, c-Met, ERBB, EGFR, … Kinase Inhibitors
Symptoms Depending on the organs affected, the following clinical pictures are distinguished: Cutaneous anthrax Pulmonary anthrax Gastrointestinal anthrax Injection anthrax is observed when contaminated illicit heroin is injected intravenously. Typical symptoms of anthrax include fever, aching limbs, headache, sweating, chills and edema. Anthrax can lead to blood poisoning, meningitis, and organ failure, among other symptoms, … Anthrax Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
