photosensitization

Sulfonamides

Effect Antibacterial Bakeriostatic Antiparasitic against protozoa Mechanism of action Sulfonamides inhibit the synthesis of folic acid in microorganisms. They are structural analogues (antimetabolites) of the natural substrate p-aminobenzoic acid and competitively displace it. Trimethoprim, used in combination with sulfamethoxazole, has a synergistic effect. Indications Bacterial infectious diseases caused by: Streptococcus Pneumococcus Actinomycetes Nocardia, e.g. nocaridosis … Sulfonamides

Benoxaprofen

Products Benoxaprofen was commercially available in tablet form (Oraflex, Opren) beginning in 1980. It was withdrawn from the market again in August 1982 because of the numerous adverse effects reported. Structure and properties Benoxaprofen (C16H12ClNO3, Mr = 301.7 g/mol) is a chlorinated benzoxazole derivative and exists as a racemate. It belongs to the propionic acid … Benoxaprofen

Ofloxacin

Products Ofloxacin is commercially available as eye drops, eye ointment (Floxal, Floxal UD), tablets, and solution for injection (Tarivid). The active ingredient was approved in many countries in 1987, and the ophthalmic agents in 1992. The enantiomer levofloxacin is also on the market (Tavanic, generics). This article refers to ocular use. Structure and properties Ofloxacin … Ofloxacin

Meadowgrass Dermatitis

Symptoms After brief contact with an appropriate plant, e.g., during gardening or play and exposure to sunlight, a skin rash forms with a delay within 1-4 days. It manifests itself in severe reddening of the skin with the formation of vesicles and blisters at the sites of contact and, depending on the contact with the … Meadowgrass Dermatitis

Photosensitivity

Symptoms Photosensitivity often manifests like sunburn in extensive skin redness, pain, a burning sensation, blistering, and hyperpigmentation after healing. Other possible skin reactions include eczema, itching, urticaria, telangiectasia, tingling, and edema. The nails may also be affected less frequently and may peel off in front (photoonycholysis). The symptoms are limited to the areas of the … Photosensitivity

Vemurafenib

Products Vemurafenib was approved in 2011 in film-coated tablet form (Zelboraf). Structure and properties Vemurafenib (C23H18ClF2N3O3S, Mr = 489.9 g/mol) is a white, crystalline substance that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Vemurafenib (ATC L01XE15) has antitumor and antiproliferative properties. It reduces mortality and increases survival. The properties are based on inhibition of the mutant … Vemurafenib

Bitter Orange

Stem plant Rutaceae, bitter orange. See also under orange. Medicinal drug Aurantii flos (Aurantii amari flos) – Bitter orange flowers: the whole, dried, unopened flower of L. ssp. (PhEur). PhEur requires a minimum content of flavonoids, calculated as naringin. Aurantii amari flavedo – bitter orange peel, bitter orange peel (flavedo). Aurantii pericarpum – bitter orange … Bitter Orange

Amiodarone (Nexterone) for Arrhythmia

Products Amiodarone is commercially available in tablet form and as a solution for injection (Cordarone, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1968. Structure and properties Amiodarone (C25H29I2NO3, Mr = 645.3 g/mol) is an iodinated benzofuran derivative derived from khellin. It is present in drugs as amiodarone hydrochloride, a white, fine, crystalline powder … Amiodarone (Nexterone) for Arrhythmia

Pirfenidone

Products Pirfenidone is commercially available in the form of hard capsules and film-coated tablets (Esbriet). It was approved in Japan in 2008 (Pirespa), in the EU in 2011, in the United States in 2014, and in many countries in 2015. Structure and properties Pirfenidone or 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-1(H)-pyridone (C12H11NO, Mr = 185.2 g/mol) is a phenylpyridone. It … Pirfenidone

St. John’s Wort Health Benefits

Products St. John’s wort and corresponding preparations are commercially available in the form of teas, film-coated tablets, dragées, capsules, and tinctures, among others (e.g., Jarsin, Rebalance, Remotiv, Ceres, Hyperiforce, Hyperiplant, Offenware). Stem plant Common St. John’s wort L. is a perennial plant of the St. John’s wort family, native to Europe and also common in … St. John’s Wort Health Benefits

Clindamycin, Tretinoin

Products The fixed combination of the lincosamide antibiotic clindamycin and the retinoid tretinoin was approved in many countries in 2014 in the form of a gel (Acnatac). In other countries, it went on sale earlier, for example in the United States, where it has been available since 2006 (Ziana). Structure and properties Clindamycin is present … Clindamycin, Tretinoin