Definition Pharmaceutical agents are excreted primarily in the urine and, via the liver, in the bile in the stool. When excreted via the bile, they re-enter the small intestine, where they may be reabsorbed. They are transported back to the liver via the portal vein. This repetitive process is called the enterohepatic circulation. It prolongs … Enterohepatic Circulation
Symptoms Photosensitivity often manifests like sunburn in extensive skin redness, pain, a burning sensation, blistering, and hyperpigmentation after healing. Other possible skin reactions include eczema, itching, urticaria, telangiectasia, tingling, and edema. The nails may also be affected less frequently and may peel off in front (photoonycholysis). The symptoms are limited to the areas of the … Photosensitivity
Side effects Allergic reactions: Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract: Liver and kidney damage: Edema formation: Water retention in arms and legs Psychological side effect: In rare cases it can lead to sleep disturbance and psychosis Skin rash (redness, itching) Blood pressure drop Shock All NSAIDs ́s must never be taken on an empty stomach. If … Side effects | NSAR – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSAR as ointments NSAID is a collective term for a wide range of active ingredients, including diclofenac, ibuprofen, aspirin and methotrexate. Some of them are available in tablet form, but also as ointment or gel. These include diclofenac and ibuprofen. Aspirin and methotrexate are not available as ointments, gels or creams. Diclofenac in gel form … NSAR as ointments | NSAR – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is also one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and belongs together with ketoprofen and naproxen to the group of arylpropionic acids. Non-steroidal means that the drugs do not contain cortisone. It is used for mild to moderate, acute and chronic pain, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Ibuprofen is especially helpful for toothache, migraine, back … Ibuprofen | NSAR – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Contraindications contraindications for NSAIDs are: An existing stomach or intestinal ulcer Several stomach or intestinal ulcers in the medical history Bronchial asthma Known liver diseases Known kidney diseases Pregnancy (varies depending on the stage) or lactation All articles in this series: NSAR – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Side effects NSAR as ointments Ibuprofen Contraindications
ExplanationDefinition NSAR stands for the abbreviation of the drug group of non-steroidal antirheumatics (NSAIDs). Nonsteroidal means that they are not preparations containing cortisone. In addition to good pain-relieving properties, it also has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Active ingredient namesTrade names active ingredient names: Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Indometacin, Piroxicam, Celecoxib Trade names: Ibuprofen®, Voltaren® (diclofenac), Indomet® (indometacin), … NSAR – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Products Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available in numerous dosage forms. These include film-coated tablets, tablets, sustained-release tablets, oral suspensions, oral granules, suppositories, NSAID eye drops, lozenges, emulsifying gels, and creams (selection). The first active ingredient from this group was salicylic acid, which was used medicinally in the 19th century in the form of the … NSAID
Products Piroxicam is commercially available in tablet form (Felden, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. This article refers to peroral administration. See also under piroxicam gel (off label). Structure and properties Piroxicam (C15H13N3O4S, Mr = 331.4 g/mol) exists as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in … Piroxicam
Products Piroxicam was commercially available in many countries in the form of a gel (Felden Gel). It had been approved in many countries since 1986. It was discontinued in 2018. Structure and properties Piroxicam (C15H13N3O4S, Mr = 331.4 g/mol) exists as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It … Piroxicam Gel
Products Pain gels are available in pharmacies and drugstores from a variety of suppliers. Structure and properties Gels consist of gelled liquids. They are made with suitable swelling agents (gelling agents). These include, for example, celluloses and starches. The pharmacopoeia distinguishes between hydrophilic gels and lipophilic gels with a fat content (emgels, lipogels). Active ingredients … Pain Gels
