Products Ritonavir is commercially available as a monopreparation in the form of film-coated tablets (Norvir). It was approved in many countries, in the United States and in the EU in 1996, and is also used as a pharmacokinetic booster in combination with antiviral agents (eg, lopinavir). Norvir syrup is no longer marketed in many countries. … Ritonavir
Symptoms Symptoms of Covid-19 include (selection): Fever Cough (irritating cough or with sputum) Respiratory disorders, shortness of breath, shortness of breath. Feeling sick, fatigue Cold symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose, sore throat. Pain in the limbs, muscle and joint pain. Gastrointestinal complaints: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. Nervous system: impairment of the sense of smell … COVID-19
Products Paritaprevir was approved in many countries in 2014 in film-coated tablet form (Viekirax, combination drug). Effects Paritaprevir has antiviral properties against HCV. The effects are due to binding to the NS3/4A protease complex. HCV NS3 serine protease is an enzyme involved in viral replication. To increase availability and allow once-daily administration, paritaprevir is combined … Paritaprevir
Definition and mechanisms A pharmacokinetic booster is an agent that improves the pharmacokinetic properties of another agent. It is a desirable drug interaction It can exert its effects at different levels (ADME): Absorption (uptake into the body). Distribution (distribution) Metabolism and first-pass metabolism (metabolization). Elimination (excretion) Pharmacokinetic enhancers can increase absorption, increase distribution to an … Pharmacokinetic Booster
Products Darunavir is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as an oral suspension (Prezista). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. In 2016, a fixed-dose combination with cobicistat was approved (Rezolsta film-coated tablets). In 2018, generic versions of the tablets entered the market. Structure and properties Darunavir (C27H37N3O7S, Mr = 547.7 g/mol) is … Darunavir
Products Dasabuvir is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets. It was approved in many countries in 2014 (Exviera). Structure and properties Dasabuvir (C26H27N3O5S, Mr = 493.6 g/mol) has a non-nucleoside structure. It exists in the drug as a sodium salt and as a monohydrate. Effects Dasabuvir (ATC J05AX16) has antiviral properties. The effects … Dasabuvir
Products Cobicistat is commercially available as a monopreparation (Tybost) and as a fixed combination with elvitegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovirdisoproxil in the form of film-coated tablets (Stribild). It has been approved in many countries since 2013. Other combination products exist with darunavir (Rezolsta) and with atazanavir (Evotaz). Structure and properties Cobicistat (C40H53N7O5S2, Mr = 776.0 g/mol) … Cobicistat
Products Ombitasvir was approved in the EU and many countries in 2014 in film-coated tablet form (Viekirax, combination drug). Structure and properties Ombitasvir (C50H67N7O8, Mr = 894.1 g/mol) Effects Ombitasvir (ATC J05AX66) has antiviral properties against HCV virus. The effects are due to binding to the viral protein NS5A (Non-Structural Protein 5A). Unlike other HCV … Ombitasvir
CYP450 Cytochromes P450s are a family of enzymes that are of paramount importance in drug biotransformation. The most important isoenzymes for drug metabolism are: CYP1A1, CYP1A2 CYP2B6 CYP2C9, CYP2C19 CYP2D6 CYP2E1 CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 The number after the abbreviation CYP stands for the family, the following letter for the subfamily and the last number … Cytochrome P450 (CYP)
Products Isavuconazonium sulfate is commercially available as a powder for a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution and in capsule form (Cresemba). It was approved in the US and EU in 2015 and in many countries in 2017. Structure and properties Isavuconazonium sulfate (C35H35F2N8O5S+ – HSO4– Mr = 814.8 g/mol) is a prodrug … Isavuconazonium Sulfate
Definition When two or more drugs are combined, they may affect each other. This is especially true with regard to their pharmacokinetics (ADME) and effects and adverse effects (pharmacodynamics). This phenomenon is called interaction and drug-drug interaction. Interactions are usually undesirable because they can lead to, for example, loss of efficacy, side effects, poisoning, hospitalization, … Interactions
Products Dronedarone is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Multaq). It was approved in 2009, first in the United States, then in Canada, in many countries, and in November throughout the European Union. Structure and properties Dronedarone (C31H44N2O5S, Mr = 556.76 g/mol) is a benzofuran derivative and an analog of the antiarrhythmic drug … Dronedarone
