Background That grapefruit juice can cause drug-drug interactions was discovered by chance in a clinical trial in 1989 and confirmed in an experiment by the same research group in 1991 (Bailey et al, 1989, 1991). This showed that simultaneous ingestion of grapefruit juice with the calcium channel blocker felodipine significantly increases the bioavailability of felodipine. … Interactions with Grapefruit Juice
Products Tipranavir is commercially available in capsule form (Aptivus). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Structure and properties Tipranavir (C31H33F3N2O5S, Mr = 602.7 g/mol) exists as a white to slightly yellowish substance that is insoluble in an aqueous buffer at pH 7.5. Tipranavir has a nonpeptidic structure. Effects Tipranavir (ATC J05AE09) has … Tipranavir
Products Canagliflozin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Invokana). It was approved in the United States and EU in 2013 and in many countries in 2014. Vokanamet is a fixed combination of canagliflozin and metformin. It was also registered in many countries in 2014. Structure and properties Canagliflozin (C24H25FO5S, Mr = 444.5 … Canagliflozin
Products Lopinavir is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as a syrup as a fixed combination with ritonavir (Kaletra). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Lopinavir (C37H48N4O5, Mr = 628.8 g/mol) exists as a white to yellowish white powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Lopinavir (ATC J05AE06) … Lopinavir
Products Dabigatran is commercially available in capsule form (Pradaxa). It has been approved in many countries since 2012. It was first approved in 2008. Structure and properties Dabigatran (C25H25N7O3, Mr = 471.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as mesilate and in the form of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, which is metabolized in the organism by … Dabigatran
Products Voriconazole is commercially available as film-coated tablets, powder for the preparation of an infusion solution, and powder for the preparation of a suspension (Vfend, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2002. Structure and properties Voriconazole (C16H14F3N5O, Mr = 349.3 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is very sparingly soluble in … Voriconazole
Products Cetirizine is commercially available as film-coated tablets, lozenges, and drops (Zyrtec, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1989. Structure and properties Cetirizine (C21H25ClN2O3, Mr = 388.9 g/mol) is a racemate consisting of –levocetirizine and -dextrocetirizine. It is present in drugs as cetirizine dihydrochloride, a white powder that is readily soluble in … Cetirizine Effects and Side Effects
Products Levocetirizine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and as drops (Xyzal, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Levocetirizine is the -enantiomer of cetirizine (Zyrtec, both UCB-Pharma SA). Levocetirizine tablets contain 5 mg of active ingredient; cetirizine tablets contain 10 mg (plus 5 mg of the -enantiomer). Unlike … Levocetirizine
Products Most HIV protease inhibitors are commercially available in tablet or capsule form. In addition, a few liquid dosage forms are available for ingestion. Saquinavir (Invirase) was the first to be lanicized in 1995. Structure and properties The first HIV protease inhibitors were modeled on the natural peptide substrate of the HIV protease. The protease … HIV Protease Inhibitor
Products Rifabutin is commercially available in capsule form (mycobutin). It has been approved in many countries since 1994. Structure and properties Rifabutin (C46H62N4O11, Mr = 847 g/mol ) is a semisynthetic ansamycin antibiotic. It exists as a reddish purple amorphous powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Rifabutin (ATC J04AB04) has antibacterial properties against … Rifabutin
Products Rifampicin is commercially available as film-coated tablets, coated tablets, capsules, and injectables (Rimactan, generics). In addition to mono, various combination preparations are also available. Rifampicin has been approved in many countries since 1968. This article refers to peroral monotherapy. Structure and properties Rifampicin (C43H58N4O12, Mr = 823 g/mol) exists as a reddish brown to … Rifampicin
Products Bilastin is commercially available in the form of tablets (Bilaxten). It was approved in many countries in 2011. In 2019, an oral solution and melting tablets for children were also registered. Structure and properties Bilastine (C28H37N3O3, Mr = 463.6 g/mol) is a benzimidazole and piperidine derivative. It was developed at FAES Farma in Spain. … Bilastin