Products Transdermal patches are approved as medicinal products. They offer themselves as an alternative to other modes of application such as peroral and parenteral administration. The first products were launched in the 1970s. Structure and properties Transdermal patches are flexible pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes and thinness that contain one or more active ingredients. They … Transdermal Patches
Products Diphenhydramine is commercially available in tablet, drop, and gel forms (e.g., Benocten, Nardyl Sleep, Fenipic plus), among others. It is also known as Benadryl in some countries. Diphenhydramine was developed in the 1940s. It is also a component of the active ingredient dimenhydrinate. Structure and properties Diphenhydramine (C17H21NO, Mr = 255.4 g/mol) is present … Diphenhydramine
Effects The majority of antiparkinsonian drugs are directly or indirectly dopaminergic. Some are anticholinergic in action. Indications Parkinson’s disease, including drug-induced Parkinson’s disease in some cases. Drug treatment Overview of drug therapy: 1. dopaminergic agents Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine and is considered the most important and effective pharmacotherapy for PD. Combining it with … Antiparkinsonian
Products Duloxetine is commercially available in the form of capsules (Cymbalta, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Structure and properties Duloxetine (C18H19NOS, Mr = 297.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as pure -duloxetine hydrochloride, a white to light brown powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Duloxetine (ATC N06AX21) has … Duloxetine
Effects Indirect dopaminergic Indications Parkinson’s disease Depression (USA) Active ingredients Rasagiline (Azilect) Selegiline (off label) Safinamide (Xadago)
Products Rasagiline is commercially available in tablet form (Azilect). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. Generic versions were first released in 2015. Structure and properties Rasagiline (C12H13N, Mr = 171.24 g/mol) is an aminoindan derivative and has an asymmetric carbon atom. Therapeutic uses are found for the -enantiomer. It is present in … Rasagiline
Products Moclobemide is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Aurorix, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1990. Structure and properties Moclobemide (C13H17ClN2O2, Mr = 268.74 g/mol) is a morpholine and chlorinated benzamide derivative. It exists as a white to yellowish white or reddish powder and is sparingly soluble in water. … Moclobemide
Background Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter biosynthesized from the amino acid tryptophan by decarboxylation and hydroxylation. It binds to seven different families of the serotonin receptor (5-HT1 to 5-HT7) and elicits central and peripheral effects that affect mood, behavior, sleep-wake cycle, thermoregulation, pain perception, appetite, vomiting, muscles, and nerves, among others. Serotonin is vasoconstrictive … Serotonin Syndrome: Causes and Treatment
Products Selegiline was commercially available in tablet form (Jumexal, generic). The drug was available in many countries from 1985 to 2016. Structure and properties Selegiline (C13H17N, Mr = 187.28 g/mol) is present in drugs as selegiline hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Selegiline (ATC N04BD01) has indirect dopaminergic and … Selegiline
