General dietary rules Many athletes divide their three large meals into four to eight small meals to create their food intake and to balance their training. Before a competition or a long training session, digestion should already be completed. This means that a meal directly before the sporting activity should be excluded. If the digestive … General dietary rules | Endurance sports and nutrition
What is alpha glucosidase? Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that occurs in various subforms in all cells of the body. It is not necessarily the case that every sub-form is present in every cell. The task of alpha-glucosidase is the splitting of alpha-glycosidic bonds. This type of bond refers to a form of linkage between individual … Alpha-glucosidase
Where is alpha-glucosidase produced? Like the majority of human enzymes, each form of alpha-glucosidase is produced in special cell organelles. A precursor of the enzyme is first synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. This is where the first step in the maturing process towards the mature enzyme takes place. This is followed by transport to the … Where is alpha-glucosidase produced? | Alpha-glucosidase
What is insulin anyway? Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas and released into the blood. It is needed mainly by liver, muscle and fat cells to be able to absorb glucose, i.e. sugar, from the blood, which means that it is also responsible for lowering the blood sugar level. It thus serves to … Insulin delivery
Antagonist glucagon Unlike insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels, the hormone glucagon increases the amount of sugar in the blood. It is the direct counterpart to insulin. So glucagon is a catabolic hormone that breaks down and releases sugar from energy stores such as the liver. It also activates some enzymes that help break down … Antagonist glucagon | Insulin delivery
Introduction The substance ethanol contained in alcoholic beverages is a so-called hydrocarbon in purely chemical terms. Ethanol is produced during the fermentation of liquids containing carbohydrates (e.g. sugar solutions) and for this reason has a fairly high proportion of calories. In the case of alcoholic beverages, a distinction is made between those products that have … Energy value of alcohol (calories)
What is a dumping syndrome? A dumping syndrome is a complex of symptoms that occur after stomach operations (so-called Billroth operations = partial removal of the stomach) and primarily consist of various complaints in the area of the abdomen or gastrointestinal tract. A distinction is made between early and late dumping syndrome, i.e. symptoms that … What is a dumping syndrome
Associated symptoms The typical accompanying symptoms of an early dumping syndrome are mainly cramp-like abdominal pain up to diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and circulation problems shortly after eating. In the case of late dumping syndrome, the main symptoms are classic hypoglycaemia, i.e. low blood pressure, cold sweat, ravenous hunger and feelings of weakness. Often there … Associated symptoms | What is a dumping syndrome
What can you do against a dumping syndrome? If a dumping syndrome occurs after stomach surgery, general measures can initially help. It is primarily recommended to eat slowly and consciously, although it can also help to take several small meals spread over the day. However, fast eating of large meals should be avoided at all … What can you do against a dumping syndrome? | What is a dumping syndrome
Synonyms in a broader sense Sugar, diabetes, adult-onset diabetes, type I, type II, gestational diabetes Literal translation: “honey-sweet flow Diets and weight normalization, Physical activity, as this increases the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin, AbstentionReduction of nicotine and alcohol. Medicines: oral antidiabetics or insulin Training of the patient Measures to avoid complications (prophylaxis) and … Therapy Diabetes mellitus
Specific therapy of diabetes type 2 The type 2 diabetic should receive a phase-appropriate, step-by-step therapy. The first stage and most important therapeutic measure is weight normalization, which should be achieved and maintained by a diabetes diet and regular physical activity (endurance training). Basically, there are two different therapeutic approaches to the drug therapy of … Specific therapy of diabetes type 2 | Therapy Diabetes mellitus
Long term complications Common concomitant and secondary diseases in type – 2 diabetics 75.2% high blood pressure 11.9% Damage to the retina (retinopathy) 10.6% Damage to the nerves (neuropathy) 9.1% heart attack 7.4% Circulatory disorder (peripheral arterial occlusive disease (pAVK)) 4.7% Apoplexy (stroke) 3.3% Nephropathy (renal insufficiency) 1.7% diabetic foot 0.8% Amputation of limbs 0,3% … Long term complications | Therapy Diabetes mellitus
