Training scienceDefinition: The training science (short: TWS) as an ordered system, which describes, explains and predicts athletic training and competition, and allows a systematic application in sports practice. […] as a sub-discipline of sports science, it is mainly understood as an empirical science whose research aims at the improvement of training and competition performance. […] the training science thus offers the basis for planned and goal-oriented training.
In relation to the performance diagnostic application, training science is assigned the following fields of activity: The identification of strengths and weaknesses in the performance state (review of the actual state) and the review of the training progress (ACTUAL – ACTUAL – value comparison) of individual athletes are the tasks of practical training performance diagnostics.
- Structuring of sporting performance (how does a sporting performance come about – e.g. what partial qualifications should a sprinter have)
- Provision of meaningful control procedures (How can athletic performance be systematically measured – e.g. which procedure is best suited to measure aerobic endurance performance)
- Preparation of target values (what performance should an athlete of a certain target group have – performance of students of the 5th grade in the 3000 meter run) ideal standards in sports statistics standards in sports functional standards in sports
- Ideal standards in sport
- Statistical standards in sport
- Functional standards in sports
- Ideal standards in sport
- Statistical standards in sport
- Functional standards in sports
of the training science are accordingly:
- Performance diagnosticsPerformance diagnostics (Cooper- Test, Conconi- Test, lactate level test)
- Endurance performance diagnostics (Cooper- Test, Conconi- Test, lactate level test)
- Scientific quality criteria:ObjectivityReliabilityValidity
- Objectivity
- Reliability
- Validity
- Conditional abilities:Strength (maximum strength, reactive strength, explosive strength, endurance, speed
- Force (maximum force, reactive force, rapid force
- Endurance
- Speed
- Training Principles:Principle of effective load stimulusPrinciple of load and recoveryPrinciple of progressive loadPrinciple of periodization
- Principle of the effective stress stimulus
- Principle of stress and recovery
- Principle of progressive load
- Principle of periodization
- Endurance performance diagnostics (Cooper- Test, Conconi- Test, lactate level test)
- Objectivity
- Reliability
- Validity
- Force (maximum force, reactive force, rapid force
- Endurance
- Speed
- Principle of the effective stress stimulus
- Principle of stress and recovery
- Principle of progressive load
- Principle of periodization
compressed: The training science takes over tasks and functions in competitive sports, mass sports, leisure sports, rehabilitation sports, disabled sports, service sports, old age sports and school sports to maximize, optimize, stabilize, restore and minimize the reduction of performance.
- The training science does not have its own mother science
- The training science is a cross-sectional science (developed from practice)
- The training science developed from the training theory
- The training science is a real science (explains the reality in training)
- The training science is a bioscienceObject: the training humanMaterial object: athletic humanFormal object: training human
- Subject: The human being in training
- Material object: Sportsman
- Formal object: training person
- Subject: The human being in training
- Material object: Sportsman
- Formal object: training person
From the master teachings the special training theory developed, from this the general training theory, from this the training scientific theory developed. Whereas the training science (TWS) used to relate exclusively to high-performance sports, today other fields of action are also included.The following fields of action are dealt with by the training science:
- (High) performance sports – performance maximization/optimization
- Popular sports – rehabilitation, stabilization, prophylaxis
- Sports for the elderly – minimization of reduction
- School sports – as an auxiliary science of sports didactics
The following disciplines are combined in the Training Science as an integrative science:
- Biomechanics (for analysis of different techniques)
- Sports medicine (sports physiology and anatomy in particular)
- Sports psychology (for the description of motivational processes)
- Sports sociology (drop-out, talent scouting)
The knowledge gained in training science is based on accumulated experience. Hypotheses are formed from this and tested in training practice. The training science is therefore a hypothetical science. The TWS has developed from training practice and is used for practical training events
