The first difficulty is to even think of a fungal infection. Although the findings are typical, for example, in athlete’s foot and nail fungus, systemic mycoses are often nonspecific, especially in the early stages, and the symptoms depend on the localization, pathogen, and previous illnesses. In the case of local infections with their typical appearance, a smear is often not necessary because the pathogens are known and can be treated accordingly.
Otherwise, detection is often by means of a fungal culture prepared by the microbiologist from skin material, body secretions or blood. However, this is not suitable for every fungal genus; in addition, some fungi grow very slowly.
Diagnosis at an advanced stage
In more advanced stages, imaging techniques such as ultrasound, X-ray or computed tomography can also be used to see the tissue changes. If esophageal thrush is suspected, a gastroscopy may be performed; if intestinal fungal disease is suspected, several stool samples may be analyzed and a colonoscopy may be performed.
Treatment of fungal disease
In principle, antifungal agents (antimycotics) are used for treatment. Depending on the active ingredient, these either kill the fungi or inhibit their growth. Which agent is used depends on the type of pathogen. Depending on the infection, the antifungals are applied locally (for example, as an ointment, tincture, cream, lozenges or vaginal tablets, suppositories) or used internally in tablet form or as an infusion.
Fungicides applied internally can cause severe side effects and must not be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is also important to treat the underlying condition.
What can be done to treat fungal infections?
Foot and nail fungus can be prevented by carefully drying your feet after swimming or showering, using socks and shoes made of natural materials, and wearing bath or slippers in public areas. Towels should be changed once a week, and if fungal infection is present, a separate towel should be used for the feet and changed daily.
In the case of intestinal and vaginal fungus, a change in diet can be useful. Unsweetened natural yogurt improves the intestinal and vaginal environment, a balanced diet with plenty of vitamins and whole grain products strengthens the immune system. In the case of vaginal fungus, tight underwear and synthetic fibers (nylon underwear, jeans) as well as substances that irritate the mucous membrane (for example, intimate sprays) should be avoided.
In case of oral thrush, a soft toothbrush should be used and the mouth should be rinsed frequently with sage tea. In the pharmacy you can get three-percent hydrogen peroxide solutions, with which – one tablespoon diluted in a glass of water – you can rinse your mouth regularly.
