Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Family history What is the general health of your family members? Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Medical History
Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90). Sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease) – systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation (skin, lungs, and lymph nodes). Nonspecific reactive lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement). Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99) [differential diagnoses due to primary cutaneous lymphoma]. Neurodermatitis (atopic eczema). Pityriasis lichenoides – usually chronic skin disease for which small-spotted … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Cardiovascular system (I00-I99). Superior vena cava syndrome (VCSS) – symptom complex resulting from venous outflow obstruction of the superior vena cava (VCS; superior vena cava); usually caused by a mediastinal tumor leading to compression of the superior vena … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Complications
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) can be classified according to the WHO classification as follows: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) of the B-cell series (85%). Progenitor cell lymphoma Progenitor cell B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Peripheral lymphoma B-cell type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small cell lymphocytic lymphoma. B-CLL variant with monoclonal gammopathy/plasma cell differentiation. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye) (examination of the entire skin!) [primary cutaneous lymphoma: e.g., eczema pictures (frequent), which make one think … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Examination
Laboratory parameters of 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count [anemia (anemia); thrombocytopenia. Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Calcium [plasmocytoma/multiple myeloma: ↑] Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood), sediment, urine culture if necessary (pathogen detection and … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Remission Therapy recommendations Therapy should always be provided in centers. Therapy of first choice is chemotherapy If necessary, adjuvant (“complementary”) radiotherapy of the skull. If infestation of the CNS (central nervous system) is suspected, intrathecal (“into the cerebrospinal fluid space”, nerve fluid) chemotherapy is given If it comes to a relapse (recurrence of … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. X-ray of the thorax (radiographic thorax/chest), in two planes. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) – for basic diagnostics. Computed tomography (CT; sectional imaging procedure (X-ray images from different directions with computer-based evaluation)) of the neck, thorax, abdomen (cervical/thoracic/abdominal CT). Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Diagnostic Tests
To prevent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral causes Overweight/obesity: DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) increased by 31%, primary cutaneous lymphoma increased by 44%, marginal cell lymphoma.increased by 70%. X-rays Condition after radiatio (radiotherapy). Condition after exposure to radioactive substances Environmental pollution – intoxications Demolition of nuclear facilities (radionuclides … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Prevention
Radiotherapeutic measures for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Radiation therapy (radiotherapy, radiatio): In patients with a localized stage, low-malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) attempts to achieve a cure by early radiotherapy. If the testes are affected, testicular irradiation may be given following chemotherapy. In CD-20-positive follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by radioimmunotherapy (i, v, injection of 90γ-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetanIndications: Patients … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Radiotherapy
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL): Leading symptoms Painless lymphadenosis/lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement). Associated symptoms Fatigue Anorexia (loss of appetite) Nausea Heartburn Increased susceptibility to infections Increased bleeding tendency Anemia (anemia) Splenomegaly (spleen enlargement) Hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) Pruritus (itching; in part) [pruritus is an exclusion criterion for B-cell lymphoma]. Associated symptoms … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant (malignant) disease that originates in the B cells or, less commonly, the T cells of lymphoid tissue. Mutations can cause activation of oncogenes (cell growth ↑) or loss of tumor suppressor genes (cell growth ↓). Thus, altered cells can grow. Etiology (causes) Biographic causes Genetic burden … Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Causes
