The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMK): Classic hand-foot-and-mouth disease Main symptoms Prodromal phase (precursor phase of the disease): fever (less than 5% of cases: > 38 °C), low appetite and sore throat. 1-2 days after onset of fever: painful enanthema (rash around mucous membranes) in the oral mucosa: Pinhead-sized erythema that … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is predominantly caused by group A enteroviruses (EV-A). Enteroviruses are small, nonenveloped RNA viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family.Group A enteroviruses (EV-A) include coxsackie A viruses (A2-A8, A10, A12, A14, A16), enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), and newer serotypes. Coxsackie A16 viruses and coxsackievirus A6 and A10 are the most … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Causes
General measures Observance of the general hygiene measures! (see below “Prevention”). Nutritional medicine See below “Aphtae/Additional Therapy/Nutritional Medicine.”
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Erythema exsudativum multiforme (synonyms: erythema multiforme, cocard erythema, disc rose) – acute inflammation occurring in the upper corium, resulting in typical cocard-shaped lesions; a minor and a major form are distinguished. Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Gingivostomatitis herpetica (synonyms: “oral thrush“; herpes gingivostomatitis; stomatitis aphthosa; aphthous stomatitis; stomatitis herpetica) – inflammatory … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD): Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Onycholysis (partial detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed) or onychomadesis (complete detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed) – in atypical courses: Loss of fingernails and toenails (usually … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, oral cavity, pharynx (throat) [painful enanthema (rash in the area of the mucous membranes; here: oral mucosa): Pinhead-sized erythema that transforms into vesicles … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Examination
Because of the definite clinical diagnosis and mild course, laboratory diagnostics are not required in most cases. 1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Virus detection by enterovirus PCR (5′-NCR) from stool samples, throat swabs, or vesicle contents:From stool, pathogen detection succeeds in the first 1-2 weeks of the disease in about 80% of cases. If necessary, … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Relief of symptoms Therapy recommendations No specific therapy is available. Symptomatic therapy: Local therapy: lotio-alba shaking mixture; in severe courses: prednicarbate (drug from the group of topically applied glucocorticoids), if necessary. In severe courses: possibly antipyretics (antipyretic drugs: paracetamol), intravenous antipruriginous (antipruritic) therapy with dimetindene (drug from the group of H1 antihistamines).
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT/cranial MRI or cMRI) – in case of CNS symptomatology.
To prevent hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Contact with ill persons during the phase of infection. This exists during the first week of illness. Infected persons are highly contagious (esp. when the vesicles ulcerate). Note: Even after symptoms subside, viruses can continue to be excreted … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Prevention
Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). Family history What is the general health of your family members? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). Did you have a fever at the onset of your illness? Low appetite? Sore throat? Two days … Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease: Medical History
