Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. Family history What is the general health of your family members? Social history What is your profession? Do you have contact with rodents in your profession? If applicable, have you had contact with rodents recently for non-occupational reasons? Current medical … Hantavirus Disease: Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Infections with other pathogens, unspecified.
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hantavirus disease: Respiratory system (J00-J99) ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome) – acute respiratory failure in the setting of multiorgan failure. Pulmonary edema – accumulation of water in the lungs. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid … Hantavirus Disease: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, pharynx (throat) and sclerae (white part of the eye). Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin texture? Efflorescences (skin changes)? Pulsations? … Hantavirus Disease: Examination
2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. Serologic examination by IgM-/IgG-ELISA; can be determined: Hantaan virus antibodies (IgG; IgM). Dobrava-Belgrade virus (IgG; IgM) Puumala virus antibody (IgG; IgM) Antibody detection – Hantavirus antibody (IgM/IgG immunoblot, confirmation); covers hantavirus subtypes: … Hantavirus Disease: Test and Diagnosis
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnosis. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) – for basic diagnostics. Echocardiography (echo; cardiac ultrasound) – for suspected structural heart disease. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of … Hantavirus Disease: Diagnostic Tests
To prevent hantavirus infection, care must be taken to reduce risk factors. Persons at risk are canal workers, hunters, and forest workers. These are at increased risk for infection because their activities may bring them into contact with rodents and/or their excreta. Behavioral risk factors Inhalation of infected aerosols Contact of injured skin with infected … Hantavirus Disease: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hantavirus infection: Symptoms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Stage 1 High fever > 38.5 °C (3-4 d). Chills Lumbaralgia (back pain) Myalgia (muscle pain) Cephalgia (headache) Visual disturbances, passive Photophobia (photophobia) Conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis) Cough Throat redness Abdominal pain (abdominal pain) Severe, often colicky flank pain Phase … Hantavirus Disease: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Therapy for hantavirus infection is purely symptomatic. Antiviral therapy can be given with ribavirin, but it is of limited efficacy. Depending on symptoms, intensive therapy (wg dialysis, oxygenation) may be required. General measures Observance of the general hygiene measures! In the occurrence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even if fever is only mild; … Hantavirus Disease: Therapy
Pathogenesis (disease development) The viruses are shed by rodents in body secretions. These remain infectious for several days. Human-to-human transmission appears possible only with Andes virus. People at risk are canal workers, hunters, and forest workers. Hantavirus disease causes vasodilatation (vasodilatation) and barrier disruption of the endothelial cell association of the capillaries. This causes the … Hantavirus Disease: Causes