Trypanosomiasis

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Rehydration (fluid balance). Elimination of pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations In the acute phase: antiprotozoal agents. Rehydration – oral rehydration for signs of dehydration (fluid deficiency; > 3% weight loss): administration of oral rehydration solutions (ORL), which should be hypotonic, between meals (“tea breaks”) for mild to moderate dehydration. Compensation of electrolyte … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Drug Therapy

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Diagnostic Tests

Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) – for basic diagnostics. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle). Echocardiography (echo; heart ultrasound) – if … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Diagnostic Tests

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Prevention

To prevent Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Affected mainly the rural population, aid workers. General exposure prophylaxis Avoid endemic areas with particularly high pathogen prevalence (pathogen frequency) Avoid bites by mosquitoes by covering the whole body clothing and use of repellents, impregnated mosquito nets – … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Prevention

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis):The following stages of the disease can be distinguished: Acute phase Latent phase Chronic disease phase Acute phase (30-40% of infected people); duration: up to 4 weeks. Chagoma – redness and swelling at the site of entry of the pathogen; may persist for several weeks. … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Causes

Pathogenesis (disease development) Trypanosomes multiply around the intestines of insects. They are shed by feces (stool) during sucking and enter the host by smear infection. Human-to-human transmission is possible transplacentally (through the placenta), through blood transfusions, or organ transplants. Etiology (causes) Biographic causes Affected mainly the rural population, aid workers. Tourists are usually not affected … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Causes

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing) [anemia (anemia); lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement); edema (water retention in tissues)] Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Examination

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Test and Diagnosis

1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Pathogen detection in blood, punctate, bone marrow, lymph node biopsy. Serology [in case of detection of Ak against T. cruzi as well as corresponding clinical symptoms, direct pathogen detection should be aimed for]. Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Test and Diagnosis

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Family history What is the general health status of your relatives? Social history What is your profession? Have you been abroad recently? If yes, where exactly? How were the hygienic standards on site? Do you remember being bitten … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Medical History

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnoses of American trypanosomiasis. Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Brucellosis – infectious disease caused by various types of the genus Brucella. Influenza (flu) Malaria – infectious disease caused by plasmodia (parasitic protozoa), which occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Typhoid fever – infectious disease caused by the serovar Typhi of the bacterial species … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed by Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis): Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency). Cardiac ischemia – deficiency supply of the heart. Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease): Chagas cardiomyopathy – develops in approximately one-third of all patients with chronic Chagas disease (approximately 5-15 years after acute … Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Complications