Parathyroid Hypofunction or Hypoparathyroidism

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism). Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? What is the general health of your family members? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have/had muscle spasms/muscle cramps? When did … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Medical History

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Pseudohypoparathyroidism (synonym: Martin-Albright syndrome) – genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance; symptoms of hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism) without a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood: four types are distinguished according to appearance: Type Ia: simultaneously exists an Albright osteodystrophy: brachymetacarpy (shortening of single or multiple metacarpal bones) and … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Complications

Mr. Genitourinary System (N00-N99) The following are the major diseases or complications that may be co-morbid with hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism): Eyes and ocular appendages (H00-H59). Tetanic cataract (calcification of the lens of the eye). Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Calcium overdose may result in the following complications: Hypercalcemia syndrome – this leads to: Gastrointestinal disorders/gastrointestinal … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Complications

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes Hair [due tosecondary disease: alopecia (hair loss)] Nails [due tosecondary disease: brittle nails] Extremities [obstetric position of the lower extremities; due tosequelae: brachymetacarpy (shortening of single … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Examination

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Parathyroid hormone (PTH intact) [↓] Electrolytes Calcium [in serum ↓; in urine ↓] Magnesium [in serum ↓] Phosphate [in serum ↑; in urine ↓] CAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) [in urine ↓] Further notes Primary hypoparathyroidism is considered highly probable when hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphate excess) have been demonstrated … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Test and Diagnosis

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Normalization of serum calcium as well as serum phosphate levels. Freedom from symptoms Therapy recommendations For tetany (to stop muscle spasms): 20 ml calcium gluconate solution 10% (slow i.v. injection). Caveat: If the patient is taking digitalis (antiarrhythmic drug), do not administer calcium i.v., because calcium and digitalis act synergistically! If the etiology … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Drug Therapy

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism): Main symptom Hypocalcemic tetany (muscle cramps, due to decreased serum calcium levels). A distinction is made between functional and psychological symptoms: Functional symptoms Hypocalcemic tetany (ICD 10 E83.5) – seizures or neuromuscular hyperexcitability due to a deficiency of calcium, affecting mainly the face and extremities; tingling, … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) Hypoparathyroidism (parathyroid hypofunction) most commonly occurs after surgery in the neck (postoperative), especially after surgery on the thyroid gland. This is due to the close spatial relationship between the parathyroid glands (lat.: Glandulae parathyroideae) and the thyroid gland (lat. Glandula thyreoidea or Glandula thyroidea). Risk factors for postoperative hypoparathyroidism are mainly … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Causes

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Therapy

Surgical therapy Autotransplantation of the parathyroid glands, if necessary – the parathyroid glands grow back into the muscle tissue and resume their function Indication: accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery. Regular checkups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according to a mixed diet taking into … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Therapy

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle) – for cardiac rhythm monitoring [Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency) shows a prolongation of the QT time (time that elapses from the Q wave in the ECG to the end of the T wave) in the ECG]. Optional medical device diagnostics – … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Diagnostic Tests

Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Prevention

To prevent hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Disease-related risk factors Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes – e.g., autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). Defects of the T-cell series such as Di-George syndrome. Hemochromatosis (iron storage disease, hematochromatosis; from Greek: haima = blood, chroma = color) – autosomal recessive hereditary disease; men … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Prevention