Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in food. Currently, more than 6,500 different flavonoids are known. They are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and represent a significant component of our diet. The most abundant flavonoid is quercetin. Flavonoids are water-soluble and give many plants their color – the yellow flavonols have given the flavonoids … Flavonoids
Flavonoids Anthocyanins (anthocyanidins) Red, blue, and purple fruits and vegetables. – Cyanidin Berry fruits, cherries; red cabbage; elderberry juice. – Dolphinidin Blueberries, currants (black); eggplants. – Malvidin Blue grapes Flavanols (catechins) – Catechin Carob flour; blackberries, grapes (dark); dark chocolate, cocoa powder. – Epicatechin Apples, sweet cherries, grapes (dark); dark chocolate, cocoa powder. – Epicatechin … Flavonoids: Food
Flavonols belong to the class of flavonoids. Flavonols are yellow to colorless plant pigments that have antioxidant effects. In the form of glycosides, flavonols occur in the marginal layers of plants. They are found mainly in onions, berries, apples, broccoli, kale, tea and red wine. Like flavones, flavonols consist of a flavone backbone (2 benzene … Flavonols
Flavonols – Camphor oil Endive – Myricetin Currants (black), cranberries; fennel, parsley; currant juice (black). – Quercetin Apples, blackberries, cranberries; broccoli, kale, chives, onions Note: For detailed food lists of each phytochemical, see the appropriate topic.
Genistein, along with daidzein and glycitein, is a typical representative of isoflavones (synonym: isoflavonoids), which belong to the group of secondary plant compounds (bioactive substances with health-promoting effects – “anutritive ingredients”). Chemically, genistein belongs to the polyphenols – a disparate group of substances based on the structure of phenol (compound with an aromatic ring and … Genistein: Definition, Synthesis, Absorption, Transport, and Distribution
Effects of genistein: Weak estrogenic effect – estrogenic activity is one-third that of glycitein and four times more active than daidzein. Anticarcinogenic effect – genistein inhibits cell proliferation of various tumor cells, especially in the prostate, by promoting apoptosis (programmed cell death). Inhibition of topoisomerase II – this enzyme is able to cleave DNA and … Genistein: Functions
Interactions of isoflavones with other agents (micronutrients, foods, drugs): Drug tamoxifen Interactions of isoflavones, particularly genistein, with tamoxifen (a selective estrogen receptor modulator used as a drug for adjuvant antihormonal therapy of breast carcinoma/breast cancer when this is estrogen receptor positive) have been reported in the literature. When administered concomitantly, isoflavones may reverse the effect … Genistein: Interactions
Intake recommendations of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are not yet available for genistein. Genistein content – given in µg – per 100 g food. Cereal products Nuts and seeds Barley 7,70 Sunflower seeds 13,90 Peanuts 15,80 Fruit Hazelnuts 18,47 Passion fruit 1,08 Honeydew melon 1,13 Soy and soy products Clementines 2,90 Soy infant milk … Genistein: Food
Lycopene represents the central substance in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Through cyclization, hydroxylation, and further functionalization, lycopene can be converted into all other carotenoids. Like most carotenoids, lycopene has antioxidant properties. It represents the even most efficient natural scavenger of free radicals, especially peroxyl radicals – peroxynitrite – and singlet oxygen. For the deactivation of … Lycopene: Functions
Interactions of lycopene with other agents (micronutrients, foods): Interactions between carotenoids Metabolic studies show that when high doses of beta-carotene are absorbed, it competes with lutein and lycopene when they are consumed within a meal. However, consumption of high doses of beta-carotene had no adverse effect on serum carotenoid levels. Dietary supplements versus food In … Lycopene: Interactions
Intake recommendations of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are not yet available for this vital substance. Lycopene content – given in µg – per 100 g of food. Vegetables and legumes Fruit Tomatoes, raw 3.100 Apricot, fresh 5 Tomato juice 8.500 Apricot, dried 864 Grapefruit 3.362 Watermelon 4.100 Guava 5.400 Note: Foods in bold are … Lycopene: Food
Matairesinol content – expressed in µg – per 100 g of foodstuff. Cereal products Crispbread 46,2 Rye (wholemeal) 56,3 Oat bran 137,2 Rye bran 147,8 Vegetables Garlic 12,9 Sweet potatoes 40,6 Legumes Broad beans 12,0 Mung beans, black 42,6 Seeds Caraway seed 5,4 Poppy seed 11,4 Sesame seed 576,4 Flaxseed 1249,2 Note: Foods in bold … Matairesinol: Food
