Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of craniomandibular dysfunction. Family history Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Has your bed partner told you that you grind your teeth? Do you have … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Medical History
Craniomandibular dysfunction has been relatively unknown to date.This fact means that often complaints indicating CMD cannot be linked to CMD.This makes comprehensive diagnostics all the more important. Clinical functional analysis It is not possible to determine disorders in the craniomandibular system without a functional analysis.Further steps can be derived from the results of a clinical … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Diagnosis
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Malpositions, unspecified Occlusion disorders (disorders of tooth contact between the upper and lower jaws). Toothache due tocauses of the temporomandibular joint: Inflammation Discopathy (disc damage) Condylar displacement (displacement of the condyle). Morphological changes Systemic diseases such as rheumatic diseases Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Parafunctions … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The longer a source of dysfunction exists, the more severe its effects and consequences become. A postural dysfunction that is detected and corrected early is unlikely to lead to CMD. On the other hand, patients whose jobs require them to maintain uncomfortable postures, for example, have a higher risk of developing CMD.All causative factors are … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Time as a Factor
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD): Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Malnutrition Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Depression Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99) Chronic unmanageable pain
Joint-related dysfunction can be caused by a variety of factors Inflammation Capsulitis (inflammation of the joint capsule) Synovitis (synovial inflammation) Inflammation of the bilaminar zone Inflammation of the retrocondylar cushion Discopathy (disc damage) Condylar displacement – displacement of the condyle. Morphological changes – structural changes Bony changes Cartilaginous changes Systemic diseases Psoriasis (psoriasis) Polyarthritis rheumatica … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Joint-Related Causes
There have been several attempts to classify CMD in the past. Often, the classifications proved to be too imprecise, such as the Helmiko index (1974). Today, craniomandibular dysfunction is divided into three groups according to the causes of the symptoms. Primary dento-/occlusogenic cause – tooth-related/occlusion-related (any contact of the teeth of the maxilla with those … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Classification
Trauma is not uncommonly experienced nowadays, for example in car accidents. Here, most patients experience severe head and neck pain and often undergo treatment for a long time because of it. However, the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles are also attacked in such a whiplash injury, but unfortunately hardly noticed. Whiplash is a risk factor … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Trauma–Injury
Pathogenesis (disease development) – etiology (causes) The causes of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) include numerous individual factors that must be accurately assessed to make a correct diagnosis. Endogenous factors (internal factors) Malocclusions Posture Mouth breathing – especially in children Muscular overloads Occlusion disorders Parafunctions Psychological factors – stress Causes of the temporomandibular joint Exogenous causes (external … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Causes
Grinding-in procedures Sources of interference on individual teeth can be removed by targeted grinding-in. It is important to ensure that no new sources of interference are created. Fillings or crowns that are too high can also be ground in. These measures are not reversible. More tooth structure should never be removed than absolutely necessary. Dentures … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Dental Therapy
Occlusal dysfunction Occlusal disorders are disturbances in the way the teeth of the upper and lower jaws contact each other. There are numerous problems that can lead to occlusion disorders and thus trigger CMD or promote its development: Tooth malocclusions Unfavorable anterior tooth position Tooth loss Tooth migration Tooth loosening Early contacts Interference contacts All … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Tooth-Related Causes
Therapy for a complex condition such as CMD usually takes place over a long period of time and in several steps, depending on the severity. Relatively simple initial steps include grinding-in measures and checking and, if necessary, correcting dentures, fillings, or prostheses. Bite splints are used for non-invasive, reversible therapy. Orthodontic measures may also be … Craniomandibular Dysfunction: Therapy
