Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Chronic pulmonary disease
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) – disease of the coronary arteries.
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Parasites (e.g., Giardia lamblia, Strongyloides, Anisakis).
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Cholelithiasis (gallstones).
- Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)
- Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic cancer)
- Pancreatitis, chronic (inflammation of the pancreas).
Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Chronic mesenteric ischemia – chronic decreased blood flow to the “abdominal vessels“.
- Diffuse esophageal spasm – neuromuscular dysfunction of esophageal muscles with intermittent retrosternal (localized behind the sternum) pain
- Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGS; synonym: diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract).
- Gastritis (gastritis), acute and chronic.
- Gastroduodenal ulcer disease (ulcer of the stomach or duodenum).
- Gastroenteritis (gastrointestinal flu).
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (synonyms: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); gastroesophageal reflux disease (reflux disease); gastroesophageal reflux; reflux esophagitis; reflux disease; Reflux esophagitis; peptic esophagitis) – inflammatory disease of the esophagus (esophagitis) caused by the pathological reflux (reflux) of acid gastric juice and other gastric contents.
- Gastroparesis – motility disorder (movement disorder) of the stomach.
- Hypercontractile esophagus (nutcracker esophagus) – motility disorder (movement disorder) of the esophagus characterized by high pressure amplitudes in the lower esophagus.
- Crohn’s disease – chronic inflammatory bowel disease; it usually runs in relapses and can affect the entire digestive tract; characteristic is the segmental affection of the intestinal mucosa (intestinal mucosa), that is, several intestinal sections may be affected, which are separated by healthy sections from each other
- Motility disorders of the esophagus (eg, achalasia: disease in which the lower esophageal sphincter (esophageal sphincter) does not open properly and the motility (mobility) of the muscles of the esophagus is also disturbed)
- Food intolerances, which can be very individual, such as dairy products (lactose intolerance), coffee, spicy foods, fruit (fructose intolerance); sorbitol intolerance (sorbitol intolerance).
- Esophagitis (esophagitis).
- Esophageal achalasia – dysfunction of the esophagus with lack of smooth muscle relaxation due to degeneration of a plexus of nerves in the lower portion of the esophagus.
- Esophageal diverticulum – protrusions of mucosa through the muscular layer of the esophagus.
- Esophageal ulcers – ulcers in the esophageal mucosa.
- Celiac disease (gluten-induced enteropathy) – disease of the mucosa of the small intestine (small intestinal mucosa), which is based on hypersensitivity to the grain protein gluten.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Gallbladder carcinoma
- Gastric carcinoma (stomach cancer)
- Esophageal carcinoma (cancer of the esophagus)
- Pancreatic carcinoma (cancer of the pancreas)
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Depression
- Psychosomatic disorders
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Meteorism (flatulence)
- Pyrosis (heartburn)
Medication
- ACE inhibitors
- Calcium antagonists
- Iron supplements
- Gucocorticoids
- Methylxanthine
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs or NSAs; also called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAPs) or NSAIDs.
