To prevent lupus erythematosus, attention must be paid to reducing trigger factors. Behavioral trigger factors
- Smoking
Disease-related trigger factors
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Viral infections, unspecified
Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (O00-O99).
- A worsening of the diagnostic situation in pregnancy is possible
Other risk factors
- Irritative stimuli
- UV light – sun exposure, artificial light sources (solarium).
Medications that are said to have an association with lupus erythematosus:
- ACE inhibitors (antihypertensive/antihypertensive drugs) – captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, cilazapril.
- Antiestrogens such as anatrozole or tamoxifen.
- Beta-blockers (antihypertensives/antihypertensives) – acebutol, oxprenolol, practolol
- Biopharmaceuticals (synonyms: biopharmaceuticals, biologicals, biologics or biologics) – these are drugs produced by means of biotechnology in genetically modified organisms – etanercept, efalizumab, adalimumab, infliximab.
- Bupropion (nicotine cessation drugs).
- Calcium channel blockers (antihypertensive/antihypertensive) – diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, nitrendipine.
- Carbamazepine (antiepileptic) – drug used in epilepsy.
- Quinidine – active ingredient from cinchona bark, which is used in the therapy of cardiac arrhythmias.
- Docetaxel (chemotherapeutic agent)
- D-penicillamine – active substance in the treatment of polyarthritis.
- Fluorouracil (chemotherapeutic agent).
- Griseofulvin (mycotic) – drug against fungal infections.
- Hepatitis B vaccine – is said to be able to trigger cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) – simvastatin, pravastatin
- Hydantoin (antiepileptic) – no longer in use today.
- Hydralazine (antihypertensive / antihypertensive).
- Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) – dehydrating drug.
- Interferon – drug with immunostimulatory effect.
- Live vaccines should not be used in cutaneous lupus erythematosus with immunosuppressive therapy
- Leflunomide (immunosuppressant).
- Leuprorelin – hormonal drug, which is used mainly in prostate cancer.
- Naproxen (painkiller)
- Estrogens
- Phenytoin (anti-epileptic) – drug used in epilepsy.
- Piroxicam (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID) – drug, which is used mainly in rheumatoid arthritis.
- Procainamide (local anesthetic).
- Proton pump inhibitors (gastric therapeutics) – lansoprazole, pantoprazole, omeprazole.
- Reserpine (antihypertensive / antihypertensive).
- Rifampicin (tuberculostat) – drug used in tuberculosis.
- Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic) – dehydrating drug.
- Terbinafine (antifungal) – drug against fungal infections.
- Ticlopidine hydrochloride – drug used to inhibit blood clotting.
Prevention factors
- Genetic factors:
- Genetic risk reduction depending on gene polymorphisms:
- Genes/SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism; English : single nucleotide polymorphism):
- Gene: IRF5
- SNP: rs2004640 in gene IRF5
- Allele constellation: GG (0.9-fold).
- SNP: rs13192841 in an intergenic region.
- Allele constellation: AG (0.7-fold).
- Allele constellation: AA (0.5-fold)
- Genes/SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism; English : single nucleotide polymorphism):
- Genetic risk reduction depending on gene polymorphisms:
Köbner phenomenon
In Köbner’s phenomenon, a non-specific skin irritation triggers the skin symptoms that already exist due to a skin disease in another part of the body. Köbner’s phenomenon can be triggered by the following skin irritations:
- Argon laser treatment
- DNCB (dinitrochlorobenzene) sensitization
- Performance of electromyography – registration of the electrical activity of the muscles can lead to the triggering of the Köbner phenomenon in lupus erythematosus profundus.
- Scratching
- Cryotherapy (cold treatment)
- Moxibustion – method from traditional Chinese medicine.
- Nickel contact dermatitis
- Surgical procedures
- Smallpox vaccination
- Radiatio (radiotherapy)
- Tattoo
- UVA emission of a photocopier
- Burns
- Wounds, bite injuries
