Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Congenital heart defects, unspecified
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Asbestosis – lung disease belonging to the pneumoconioses (dust lung diseases), said to result from inhaled asbestos dust.
- Bronchiectasis (synonym: bronchiectasis) – permanently existing irreversible saccular or cylindrical dilatation of the bronchi (medium-sized airways), which may be congenital or acquired; symptoms: chronic cough with “mouthful expectoration” (large-volume three-layered sputum: foam, mucus, and pus), fatigue, weight loss, and a reduced performance capacity
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Iron deficiency anemia
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypoalbuminemia – albumin deficiency in the blood.
- Wilson’s disease (copper storage disease) – autosomal recessive inherited disease in which copper metabolism in the liver is disturbed due to one or more gene mutations
- Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland).
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99)
- Acrodermatitis continua Hallopeau – focal redness and pustules on the extremities of the fingers and toes.
- Alopecia areata – circular hair loss; mottling of the nails, trachyonychia (“rough nails”) and onychorrhexis (“brittle nails”).
- Atopic eczema (neurodermatitis)
- Dystrophia unguium mediana canaliformis – hereditary nail growth disorder.
- Eczema – skin inflammation associated with pruritus (itching) and erythema (areal redness of the skin).
- Lichen ruber planus (nodular lichen) → lichen ruber nails.
- Onychomycosis (nail fungus) – clinical picture: onycholysis (failure of the nail), subungual hyperkeratosis (appearance of scales below the nail plate) and yellowish discoloration of the nails.
- Pachyonychia congenita – usually autosomal dominant inheritance with varying degrees of cornification disorders of the skin; characteristic are thickened fingernails and toenails (onychauxis) and painful keratomas (swollen thickened horny layer on the skin) on the palm of the hand due to cornification disorder.
- Pityriasis rosea (scale florets).
- Pityriasis rubra – chronic inflammatory keratinization disorder (including planar palmo-plantar hyperkeratoses).
- Psoriasis (psoriasis)
- Pustulosis palmoplantaris – disease with the appearance of pustules on the palms of the hands and feet.
- Vitiligo (white spot disease).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Endocarditis (meningitis of the heart).
- Valvular heart disease, unspecified
- Raynaud’s disease – disease leading to functional vasoconstriction of the hands and feet.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Leprosy – tropical infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, predominantly affecting the skin and nerves.
- Malaria – tropical infectious disease transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.
- Tuberculosis (consumption)
Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Hepatic insufficiency (liver failure).
- Liver cirrhosis (end stage of chronic liver disease).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Dermatomyositis – chronic systemic disease belonging to the collagenoses, affecting the skin, muscles and internal organs.
- Collagenoses – autoimmune diseases that lead to systemic involvement, mainly in connective tissue and blood vessels.
- Bekhterev’s disease (ankylosing spondylitis) – chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that affects exclusively the spine and its boundary joints.
- Reactive arthritis (synonym: postinfectious arthritis / joint inflammation) – secondary disease after gastrointestinal (gastrointestinal tract concerning), urogenital (urinary and genital organs concerning) or pulmonary (lungs concerning) infections; denotes an arthritis, where pathogens in the joint (usually) can not be found (sterile synovialitis).
- Reiter’s disease (synonyms: Reiter’s syndrome; Reiter’s disease; arthritis dysenterica; polyarthritis enterica; postenteritic arthritis; posturethritic arthritis; undifferentiated oligoarthritis; urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome; Fiessinger-Leroy syndrome; English Sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA)) – special form of “reactive arthritis” (see above. ); secondary disease after gastrointestinal or urogenital infections, characterized by the symptoms of Reiter’s triad; seronegative spondyloarthropathy, which is triggered especially in HLA-B27 positive persons by an intestinal or urinary tract disease with bacteria (mostly chlamydia); Can manifest as arthritis (joint inflammation), conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis), urethritis (urethritis) and partly with typical skin changes.
- Rheumatoid arthritis (primary chronic polyarthritis).
- Scleroderma – group of diseases belonging to the collagenoses with an unclear cause, which is associated with a connective tissue hardening of the skin and internal organs.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – systemic disease affecting the skin and connective tissue of the vessels, leading to vascular inflammation (vasculitides) of numerous organs such as the heart, kidneys or brain.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Bronchial carcinoma (lung cancer)
- Malignant melanoma – black skin cancer.
- Hodgkin’s disease – malignant disease of the lymphatic system associated mainly with lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement) and splenomegaly (splenomegaly).
- Pigment cell nevus (mole).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Nephrotic syndrome – collective term for symptoms that occur in various diseases of the glomerulus (renal corpuscles); symptoms include: Proteinuria (increased excretion of protein in urine) with protein loss greater than 1 g/m²/body surface area per day; hypoproteinemia, peripheral edema due to serum hypalbuminemia of < 2.5 g/dL, hyperlipoproteinemia (dyslipidemia).
- Renal insufficiency (kidney weakness).
Injuries, poisoning, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Radiatio (radiotherapy) of the hand.
- Trauma (injury), unspecified
Medication
- Antibiotics – drugs used for bacterial infections.
- Anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine
- Photosensitizing medications such as diuretics (dehydrating medications such as hydrochlorothiazide, HCT).
- Retinoids – vitamin A derivatives
- Cytostatics – drugs used to treat cancer.
Environmental pollution – intoxications (poisonings).
- Arsenic poisoning
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Thallium poisoning