Introduction
As heartburn the burning pains ascending from the upper abdomen are called, which are particularly noticeable behind the breastbone, but partly also radiate into the neck and throat. They are the consequence of the so-called reflux disease or reflux esophagitis (from esophagus, Latin for esophagus). Here, the stomach acid rises into the esophagus and leads to irritation and changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus. In addition to taking certain medications and a weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter, the cardia, an unhealthy diet can contribute to the development of reflux disease. But even if the diet should not be the trigger of heartburn: an appropriate diet can often significantly reduce reflux disease.
What should be taken into account in the diet?
The production of gastric acid is mainly stimulated by a hormone: gastrin. This hormone is produced by specialized cells in the stomach lining and is secreted in increased quantities by a number of different stimuli. These stimuli include alcohol and caffeine in the chyme that reaches the stomach.
In addition, protein-rich food components and a mechanical over-expansion of the stomach due to large quantities of food also lead to the release of gastrin. If you keep this knowledge in mind, a few basic rules for a good diet can be derived for heartburn. Above all, it is important to avoid drinks containing alcohol and caffeine as far as possible.
In addition, one should also keep the protein content of the food as low as possible and not continue eating beyond the point of hunger. This ultimately means that it is better to eat several small and light meals spread over the day than a few oversized portions. In addition, it is best to avoid eating anything just before bedtime, especially protein-containing foods such as meat.
Fatty foods and foods with a high sugar content are also considered to be so-called “acid looseners”. Apart from this, various substances contained in cigarette smoke also stimulate the production of stomach acid. In addition, in the long run, they lead to a weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle, so that the stomach acid can rise even more easily. Smoking, along with caffeine and alcohol, is one of the most important triggers of heartburn. A change of diet in the case of heartburn should therefore ideally be accompanied by a decision to give up smoking.
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