Salivary Gland Inflammation (Sialadenitis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90).

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).

  • Dehydration (dehydration)
  • Hypovolemia (too little fluid in the blood system).

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

  • Bacterial infections
    • Actinomycosis (ray fungal disease) – caused by bacteria from the actinomycete group; DD when parotid glandula (auricular glands) or submandibular glandula (submandibular glands) are involved [rare].
    • Bacillary angiomatosis (synonyms: Bartonellosis; cat scratch disease) – transmission of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae by cat scratch or bite; onset in severe immunodeficiency, typically HIV; clinical signs: Onset of regional lymphadenitis (lymphadenitis), lymph node involvement possible, cephalgia (headache), anorexia (loss of appetite), nausea (nausea), aching limbs, arthralgia (joint pain), exanthema (rash), thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets/platelets) [very rare].
    • Streptococcus
    • Staphylococci
    • Syphilis (lues; venereal disease) – affecting mainly parotid gland; caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum [very rare].
    • Tuberculosis – extrapulmonary form, affecting the lymph nodes; mainly parotid (parotid gland); caused by pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex [very rare].
  • Viral infections
    • Adenovirus infection (adenovirus infection).
    • Coxsackievirus infection – RNA viruses from the genus Enteroviruses, family Picorna viruses, serotypes A/B; considered the causative agent of various diseases.
    • Cytomegaly – caused by the human cytomegalovirus (HMZV), also called human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or human herpes virus 5 (HHV 5).
    • Epstein-Barr virus infection
    • HIV infection triggered by the human immunodeficiency virus
    • Influenza (flu) – triggered by influenza virus type A; DD to sicca/Sjögren’s syndrome with marked xerostomia.
    • Infection with ECHO viruses – causative agent of febrile illnesses.
    • Infection with parainfluenza viruses (types 1 and 3).
    • Parotitis epidemica (mumps) – paramyxovirus (RNA virus) from the genus Rubulavirus, family of paramyxoviruses.
    • Parvo virus infection (B19)

Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

  • Abscess (encapsulated collection of pus) of the mouth.
  • Allergic reaction
  • Benign (benign) lymphoepithelial lesion of the salivary glands – special form of immunosialadenitis with tumor-like salivary gland enlargement, isolated or with Sjögren’s syndrome.
  • Mucocele (accumulation of mucus / mucous cyst) of the salivary glands.
  • Necrotizing (“associated with local tissue death (necrosis)”) sialometaplasia.
  • Oral mucositis (mucosal inflammation; ulcerative/ulcer forming).
  • Parotitis, recurrent juvenile.
  • Parotitis, marantic (due to protein deficiency).
  • Phlegmon of the mouth (diffuse spreading infectious disease in soft tissues).
  • Sialadenopathy o. n. A.
  • Sialadenosis (synonym: sialosis) – noninflammatory disease of the glandular parenchyma; largely painless; variable, bilateral, recurrent swelling, especially of the parotid gland. Leading symptom: xerostomia (dry mouth).
    • In association with endocrine dysfunction
      • Diabetes mellitus
      • Dysfunction of the pituitary gland (hypophysis).
      • Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
      • M. Cushing’s (group of diseases leading to hypercortisolism (excess of cortisol)).
      • Acromegaly (disease in which there is an increase in the size of the body end limbs or acra).
      • Dysfunction of the gonads
    • dystrophic (due to malnutrition).
      • Associated with alcohol-induced liver disease.
      • Protein deficiency (protein deficiency)
      • Avitaminoses (vitamin deficiency)
      • Cachexia (pathological, very severe emaciation).
    • neurogenic (nerve-related)
      • Vegetative dysfunction (disturbance in the conduction of excitation in the autonomic nervous system).
      • Anorexia nervosa (anorexia nervosa)
      • Esophageal achalasia (synonyms: achalasia; cardiospasm) – dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (esophageal muscles) with the inability to relax; it is a neurodegenerative disease in which nerve cells of the myenteric plexus die. In the final stage of the disease, the contractility of the esophageal muscles is irreversibly damaged, with the result that food particles are no longer transported into the stomach and lead to pulmonary dysfunction by passing into the trachea. Typical symptoms of achalasia are: Dysphagia (dysphagia), regurgitation (regurgitation of food), chest pain (chest pain) and weight loss; as a secondary achalasia, it is usually the result of a neoplasia (malignant neoplasm), such as a cardiac carcinoma (gastric inlet cancer).
  • Sialectasia (dilated salivary gland ducts).
  • Sialolithiasis (salivary gland stones)
    • DD sialadenitis, primary nonobstructive (occlusion-related).
    • DD sialadenitis, acute suppurative
  • Sialolith (salivary stone) of the salivary gland or salivary gland excretory duct.
  • Viscous salivary plug as an obstruction.
  • Salivary gland abscess (encapsulated collection of pus in the salivary gland).
  • Salivary gland fistula
  • Salivary gland hypertrophy (increase in size of the salivary gland).
  • Salivary gland tumors
    • benign (benign)
      • epithelial
        • Pleomorphic adenoma
        • Cystadenolymphoma
        • Other types of adenolymphoma
        • Oncocytoma (synonym: oxyphilic adenoma).
        • Salivary duct adenoma
        • Sebaceous gland adenoma
        • Other forms of adenoma
      • Non-epithelial
        • Hemangioma
        • Lymphangioma
        • Ranula
        • Lipoma
        • Neurinoma
        • Hemangiopericytoma
    • malignant (malignant)
      • epithelial
        • Carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma (synonym: malignant mixed tumor).
        • Adenoid cystic carcinoma (formerly: cylindroma).
        • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (synonym: malignant mucoepidermoid tumor).
        • Acinar cell tumor
        • Adenocarcinoma
        • Squamous cell carcinoma
        • Undifferentiated carcinoma
      • Non-epithelial
        • Sarcomas
          • Angiosarcoma
          • Rhabdomyosarcoma
          • Et al
        • Malignant schwannoma
        • Et al
      • Lymph node metastases
  • Saliva deficiency
  • Stenosis (narrowing) of the salivary gland excretory duct.
  • Stricture (high-grade narrowing) of the salivary gland excretory duct.
  • Disorders of salivary secretion (K11.7)
  • Xerostomia (dry mouth)
  • Cysts of the oral region, not elsewhere classified (K09).
  • Other diseases of the jaws (K10)
    • Ostitis (inflammation of the bone)
    • Osteomyelitis (bone marrow inflammation)
  • Other diseases of the lip and oral mucosa (K13).
    • Diseases of the lips

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).

  • Sicca syndrome (lat. siccus: dry)/ Sjögren’s syndrome – inflammatory autoimmune disease leading to insufficiency (weakness) of the exocrine glands (glands that secrete them creter) – DD to chronic recurrent parotitis (parotitis) in adulthood, especially in women (M35)
  • Masseter hypertrophy (enlargement of the masseter muscle) (M62).

Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).

  • Tumors

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)

Medication

  • See under “Pathogenesis – Etiology” under drugs.

Further

  • Air insufflation – when playing wind instruments: Air insufflation in saliva feigns obstruction (occlusion).