Definition
Hallux valgus is one of the most common malpositionings of the forefoot and especially the big toe in the area of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe. This malalignment is also known as an exostosis. The big toe points towards the outer edge of the foot. The metatarsophalangeal joint protrudes clearly and tilts in the opposite direction.
Causes
Hallux valgus affects mainly women. Several factors come together in the development of the malposition. It occurs particularly frequently in connection with a splayfoot, in which the transverse arch of the forefoot sinks and the toes lie flat on the ground.
On the one hand, a hallux valgus can be hereditary and can already occur in several female family members. On the other hand, the malposition is favored by wearing high and especially narrow shoes. The toes can then no longer stand in their physiological position and give way due to the constant pressure load.
Finally, this is particularly noticeable in the big toe. Years of wearing tight and pointed high shoes gradually lead to a permanent overleg. Since the muscles are also weakened, they can no longer compensate for the displacement of the toes after a certain point.
In addition to hallux valgus, hammer toes or claw toes can also develop. In this case, the toes curl up forward. This can lead to further problems, especially when wearing tight shoes.
Symptoms
In the initial phase, the developing hallux valgus usually does not cause any symptoms. However, the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe is more and more prominent at the inner edge of the foot and, especially in women, is initially a purely cosmetic problem. In the further course of the disease, the malpositioning has finally progressed to such an extent that the foot hurts, especially when wearing high and tight shoes.
This can lead so far that the foot soon no longer fits into these women’s shoes. In addition, the enormous pressure load of the shoes can cause severe pain at the metatarsophalangeal joint of the toe. The skin and the bursa underneath the joint can become very irritated, so that eventually an inflammation can develop.
An inflammation of the bursa can develop, which manifests itself as redness and swelling. Patients experience severe pain, especially during the rolling movement. There is a risk that the joint will wear out enormously and that arthrosis may occur as a result.