Energy Balance The energy balance of cellular respiration in the case of glucose can be summarized by the formation of 32 ATP molecules per glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 become 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 ATP (for the sake of clarity the ADP and the phosphate residue Pi were omitted in the educts). … Energy Balance | Cellular respiration in humans
In a lactate test, the so-called lactate value in the blood is determined to determine the fitness level of a person. Lactate is produced directly in the muscles and is a salt of lactic acid. The lactate value of a person at rest is one milli mol (mmol) of lactate per liter of blood. This … Lactate certificate
Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism There are two metabolic pathways for physical stress. One is the aerobic energy metabolism, in which the energy supply for the muscles is based on oxygen. Aerobic means that oxygen is sufficiently involved in the energy supply. If the intensity of a training or competition increases, the muscles need more oxygen … Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism | Lactate certificate
Evaluation of the lactate test The evaluation of a lactate test focuses mainly on the aerobic-anaerobic threshold. It is the most important value for the control of endurance training, because it indicates whether the lactate value is leveling off at a lactate steadyy-state or continues to rise. Lactate steady-state means that after each increase in … Evaluation of the lactate test | Lactate certificate
Definition Every body cell has certain functional units, so-called cell organelles. They are the small organs of the cell and, like the large organs, have assigned areas of responsibility. Mitochondria and ribosomes belong to the cell organelles. The function of the cell organelles is different; some produce building material, others provide for order and clean … Mitochondria
Different types of mitochondria Three different types of mitochondria are known: the sacculus type, the cristal type and the tubule type. The classification is made on the basis of the indentations of the inner membrane in the interior of the mitochondria. Depending on how these indents look, the type can be determined. These folds serve … Different types of mitochondria | Mitochondria
What are the special features of mitochondrial inheritance? Mitochondria are a cell compartment that is inherited maternally. All children of a mother therefore have the same mitochondrial DNA (abbreviated as mtDNA). This fact can be used in genealogical research by using mitochondrial DNA to determine, for example, the membership of a family to a people. … What are the special features of mitochondrial inheritance? | Mitochondria
Can mitochondria multiply? In principle, the organism can regulate the production of mitochondria up or down. The decisive factor for this is the current energy supply of the organ in which the mitochondria are to be multiplied. A lack of energy within these organ systems ultimately leads to the development of so-called growth factors via … Can mitochondria multiply? | Mitochondria
Glucose is colloquially known as dextrose and belongs to the carbohydrates. Glucose represents the most important source of energy for the body. Diseases of the liver, endocrine system, or kidneys can lead to glucose metabolism disorders. What is glucose? Glucose is a so-called monosaccharide, a simple sugar. It is a component of normal household sugar … Glucose: Function & Diseases
A nucleoside always consists of a nucleic base linked to the monosaccharide ribose or deoxyribose by an N-glycosidic bond. All 5 nucleic bases – the building blocks of DNA and RNA double and single helices – can be enzymatically converted into nucleosides. Some glycosides have physiological significance such as adenosine, which is the basic building … Nucleosides: Function & Diseases
Definition The respiratory chain is a process of energy production in our body cells. It is connected to the citrate cycle and is the last step in the breakdown of sugar, fats and proteins. The respiratory chain is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In the respiratory chain, reduction equivalents (NADH+H+ and FADH2) … What is the respiratory chain?
Balance of the respiratory chain The decisive end product of the respiratory chain is the ATP (adenine triphosphate), which is a universal energy source of the body. ATP is synthesized with the help of a proton gradient that is formed during the respiratory chain. NADH+H+ and FADH2 have different efficiency. NADH+H+ is oxidized back to … Balance of the respiratory chain | What is the respiratory chain?
