Products Imipramine was commercially available in the form of dragées (Tofranil). It was developed at Geigy in Basel. Its antidepressant properties were discovered in the 1950s by Roland Kuhn at the psychiatric clinic in Münsterlingen (Thurgau). It was approved in many countries in 1958 as the first active ingredient in the tricyclic antidepressant group. In … Imipramine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Flunarizine is commercially available in tablet form (Sibelium). It has been approved in many countries since 1979. Structure and properties Flunarizine (C26H26F2N2, Mr = 404.49 g/mol) is present in drugs as flunarizine dihydrochloride, a white powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Flunarizine (ATC N07CA03) has antivertiginous and depressant properties. It is a … Flunarizine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Hydroxyzine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and as a syrup (Atarax). It has been approved in many countries since 1956. Structure and properties Hydroxyzine (C21H27ClN2O2, Mr = 374.9 g/mol) is a piperazine derivative. It is present in drugs as hydroxyzine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in … Hydroxyzine
Products Morphine is available in many countries in various dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, oral suspension, syrup, morphine drops, suppositories, and injectables. It is also prepared in pharmacies as an extemporaneous formulation. Structure and properties Morphine (C17H19NO3, Mr = 285.3 g/mol) is present in drugs mainly as morphine hydrochloride and as morphine sulfate pentahydrate. These … Morphine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Clobazam is commercially available in tablet form (Urbanyl). It has been approved in many countries since 1979. Structure and properties Clobazam (C16H13ClN2O2, Mr = 300.7 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It belongs structurally to the 1,5-benzodiazepines. The other active ingredients are 1,4-benzodiazepines. Effects Clobazam (ATC N05BA09) … Clobazam
Products Brexanolone was approved in the United States in 2019 in the form of an infusion product (Zulresso). Structure and properties Brexanolone (C21H34O2, Mr = 318.5 g/mol) corresponds to allopregnanolone, the major metabolite of the progestogen progesterone. Effects Brexanolone corresponds to the progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone, which peaks in the third trimester of pregnancy and whose … Brexanolone
Products Mirvaso brimonidine gel was approved in the EU in 2013 and in many countries in 2014. Structure and properties Brimonidine (C11H10BrN5, Mr = 292.1 g/mol) is present in the drug as brimonidine tartrate, a white to yellow powder that is soluble in water. It has a similar structure to clonidine and apraclonidine. Effects Brimonidine … Brimonidine Gel
Background Opioids have been used as painkillers for thousands of years. Initially in the form of opium, the dried milky sap of the opium poppy L. (Papaveraceae). In the early 19th century, the pure opium alkaloid morphine was isolated for the first time and later administered with the newly invented hypodermic needle. In the 20th … Opioids: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Opipramol is commercially available in the form of dragées (Insidon). It has been approved in many countries since 1961, originally by Geigy, later by Novartis. Structure and properties Opipramol (C23H29N3O, Mr = 363.5 g/mol) structurally belongs to the tricyclic antidepressants and is a dibenzazepine derivative. It is present in the drug as opipramol dihydrochloride. … Opipramol
Products Opium tincture is manufactured in pharmacies or ordered from specialized suppliers in pharmacopoeia quality (e.g., Hänseler). As of 2019, it is also approved as a finished drug in many countries (Dropizol, oral drops). Opium and the opioids are subject to narcotics legislation. Opium has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Structure and properties … Opium Tincture
Products Diazepam is commercially available in tablet, drop, solution for injection, and enema form (Valium, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1962. In 2020, a diazepam nasal spray was released in the United States. Diazepam was developed by Leo Sternbach at Hoffmann-La Roche as the second member of the benzodiazepine group. Structure … Diazepam: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Valtoco diazepam nasal spray was approved in the United States in 2020. The benzodiazepine diazepam has been available in other dosage forms since the 1960s. Structure and properties Diazepam (C16H13ClN2O, Mr = 284.7 g/mol) is a lipophilic benzodiazepine. It exists as a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. Effects Diazepam … Diazepam Nasal Spray