Products Timolol is commercially available in the form of eye drops and as an eye gel. In addition to the original Timoptic, generics and various fixed combinations with other antiglaucomatous agents are also commercially available (brinzolamide, brimonidine, dorzolamide, travoprost, latanoprost). Timolol has been approved in many countries since 1978. See also under timolol gel (hemangioma). … Timolol
Structure and properties Digitoxin (C41H64O13, Mr = 765 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. It occurs naturally in -species as a natural plant constituent. Effects Digitoxin (ATC C01AA04) has positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, negative dromotropic, and positive bathmotropic properties. It has a long half-life of up to 8 days … Digitoxin: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Phytopharmaceuticals – herbal medicinal products. The term phytopharmaceuticals (singular phytopharmacon) is derived from the Greek terms for plant and for drug. In very general terms, then, it refers to herbal medicines. This refers, for example, to dried plant parts, also called medicinal drugs, such as leaves, flowers, barks or roots. These are often prepared as … Phytopharmaceuticals
Products Macrogol 3350 is commercially available as a powder for making an oral solution (e.g., Transipeg, Movicol, generics). It is included in drugs in combination with salts (potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate) but can also be administered without them (e.g., Chung et al., 2009). Macrogol 4000 is also commercially available without salts. In … Macrogol 3350
Products Macrogol 4000 has been approved in many countries since 1987 as granules in combination with salts for bowel emptying and treatment of constipation (e.g., Isocolan). In 2013, a monopreparation that does not contain electrolytes was approved in many countries for the first time (Laxipeg). It is also available without flavoring (pure macrogol). The pure … Macrogol 4000
Products Macrogols are commercially available in many countries as powders, granules, and as drinking solutions. The agents are available with or without salts (electrolytes). They have been approved since the 1980s. This article refers to pharmaceuticals. Macrogols such as macrogol 400 are also used as pharmaceutical excipients. Structure and properties Macrogols are mixtures of linear … Macrogole
Products Canagliflozin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Invokana). It was approved in the United States and EU in 2013 and in many countries in 2014. Vokanamet is a fixed combination of canagliflozin and metformin. It was also registered in many countries in 2014. Structure and properties Canagliflozin (C24H25FO5S, Mr = 444.5 … Canagliflozin
Products Scopolamine butylbromide is available worldwide in the form of dragées, suppositories, and as a solution for injection. It has been commercially available in Germany and in many countries since 1952 (Buscopan, Boehringer Ingelheim) in the form of the dragées and suppositories even without a doctor’s prescription. In some countries, a combination with the analgesic … Scopolamine Butyl Bromide
Digoxin, like digitoxin, is extracted from foxglove (Digitalis lanata or Digitalis purpurea), which is why both are classified as digitalis glycosides. Cardiac glycosides increase the beating power of the heart muscle while lowering the heart rate. What is digoxin? Digoxin is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein from the group of so-called cardioactive glycosides (also cardiac … Digoxin: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Preparations from the leaves of foxglove are rarely used medicinally today. Medicines containing the ingredient digitoxin are available in some countries. Digoxin, the pure substance extracted from foxglove, is commercially available in many countries in the form of tablets (Digoxin Sandoz). Stem plant Red foxglove, a member of the plantain family (Plantaginaceae), is native … Red Foxglove
Products Flurbiprofen lozenges have been approved in many countries since 2009 (Strepsils Dolo, formerly Strepsils). In other countries, the drug has been on the market for years. Generics were approved for the first time in 2016. Structure and properties Flurbiprofen (C15H13FO2, Mr = 244.2 g/mol) is a racemate and exists as a white crystalline powder … Flurbiprofen Lozenges
Effects Positive inotropic (hermuscular contractility). Negative chronotropic (heart rate) Negative dromotropic (excitation conduction) Positive bathmotropic (stimulus threshold is lowered). Indications Heart failure Arrhythmia Agents Digoxin (Digoxin Sandoz) Digitoxin Other active ingredients such as convallatoxin or proscillaridin are no longer commercially available today. Stem plants Adonis Christmas rose Foxglove, see under red foxglove Lily of the … Cardiac Glycosides
