Products Azilsartan has been approved in the United States and the EU in tablet form since 2011 (Edarbi). In many countries, it was registered in August 2012 as the 8th member of the sartan drug group. In 2014, a fixed combination with chlortalidone was approved (Edarbyclor). Structure Azilsartan (C25H20N4O5, Mr = 456.5 g/mol) is present … Azilsartan
Products Bopindolol was commercially available in tablet form (Sandonorm). It had been approved in many countries since 1984 and was withdrawn from the market in August 2010. Currently, drugs containing bopindolol are no longer on the market in many countries. Another beta-blocker can be used as a substitute. Structure and properties Bopindolol (C23H28N2O3, Mr = … Bopindolol
Products Isradipine is commercially available in capsule form (Lomir SRO). It has been approved in many countries since 1991. Structure and properties Isradipine (C19H21N3O5, Mr = 371.4 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Isradipine (ATC C08CA03) has antihypertensive properties. Its effects are due … Isradipine
Synonym Kissing Disease – Virus EBV Pfeiffer’s disease Infectious Mononucleosis Mononucleosis infectiosaund Monocyteangina An initial infection with the Epstein Barr virus in adolescence or adulthood causes unspecific flu-like symptoms. Patients show an elevated temperature between 38.5° and 39° Celcius, limb and body pain, as well as fatigue and exhaustion. Furthermore, the lymph nodes in the … Epstein-Barr virus
Prophylaxis So far there are no vaccines against Pfeiffer’s glandular fever caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, so that only avoiding infected persons is a preventive measure. However, this is impossible due to the high rate of infection of the population with the virus and the unspecific course of an infection. Postinfectious immunity As mentioned above, … Prophylaxis | Epstein-Barr virus
Summary Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative rod bacterium. There are more than 300 different strains, which are distributed worldwide, are regionally and familially abundant, and their genetic information sometimes varies considerably. What they all have in common is a whole range of different adaptation mechanisms that enable it to survive in its main reservoir, the … Helicobacter pylori
Test for a Helicobacter When detecting Helicobacter pylori, a distinction is made between so-called invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive means that one penetrates into body tissue. There are several non-invasive test methods. With these, a colonization with Helicobacter pylori is in principle very easy to detect. One of the simplest methods uses the normal exhaled … Test for a Helicobacter | Helicobacter pylori
Infection The transmission path of Helicobacter pylori is not conclusively clarified. The possibility of oral-oral and faecal-oral transmission by excretion of the bacterium in stool and reabsorption by other persons, e.g. from water, is being discussed. Contaminated food also provides a source of absorption. The germ initially colonizes its main reservoir in humans, the lower … Infection | Helicobacter pylori
Virulence factors Furthermore, Helicobacter pylori produces urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and CO2. This raises the pH in the bacterium’s surrounding medium, i.e. it is converted into a less acidic environment. The neutral environment is called the ammonia mantle. Helicobacter pylori also produces virulence factors such as the vacuolating VacA and … Virulence factors | Helicobacter pylori
Synonyms in a broader sense Medical: intussusception, intestinal invagination English: intussusception Definition Invagination is a telescopic invagination of one section of the intestine into another. It occurs mainly in small children and can be life-threatening in the worst case. In infants and toddlers, intussusception can occur as a result of increased intestinal mobility or in … Invagination
Symptoms of intussusception Characteristic for an intussusception is the phase-like course of the symptoms. At the beginning, the child often has sudden cramp-like abdominal pain, cries and appears sickly. This is usually followed by a period without symptoms, which is typically interrupted by the child’s sudden shrill screaming in connection with the pulling up of … Symptoms of intussusception | Invagination
High blood pressure is one of the most common diseases worldwide and is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and strokes along with obesity, smoking and the existence of diabetes mellitus. Because of its initial asymptomatic nature, high blood pressure is a creeping and dangerous disease that affects older people in … Reduce high blood pressure