How furosemide works Like all loop diuretics, furosemide is a so-called “high-ceiling diuretic”. With such diuretics, water excretion can be increased in proportion to the dose over a wide dose range. This is not possible with other diuretics (e.g. thiazides). Here, a maximum effect sets in after a certain dose, which cannot be intensified by … Furosemide: Effects, Applications, Side Effects
Products Risperidone is commercially available as film-coated tablets, meltable tablets, an oral solution, and a suspension for intramuscular administration (Risperdal, generics). The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1994. Structure and properties Risperidone (C23H27FN4O2, Mr = 410.5 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a … Risperidone: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Cefalexin is commercially available as a veterinary drug in the form of tablets, chewable tablets, and suspensions. It is available both as a monopreparation (e.g., Cefacat, Cefadog) and in combination with kanamycin (Ubrolexin). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Cefalexin (C16H17N3O4S , Mr = 347.4 g/mol) exists as … Cefalexin
Elimination at the kidney The kidneys, along with the liver, play a central role in the elimination of pharmaceutical agents. They can be filtered at the glomerulus of the nephron, actively secreted at the proximal tubule, and reabsorbed at various tubular segments. In renal insufficiency, these processes are impaired. This may result in a renally … Dose Adjustment in Renal Insufficiency
Symptoms Symptoms of altitude sickness are nonspecific and usually appear 6-10 hours after ascent. However, they can also occur after as little as one hour: Headache Dizziness Sleep disorders Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Fatigue and tiredness Rapid heartbeat Accelerated breathing, shortness of breath Severe symptoms: Cough Shortness of breath even at rest Tightness … Altitude Sickness
Products Torasemide is commercially available in tablet form (Torem, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. Structure and properties Torasemide (C16H20N4O3S, Mr = 348.4 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a pyridine-sulfonylurea derivative. Torasemide differs structurally from its precursor furosemide (Lasix, generics), a sulfonamide. … Torasemide
Products Chloral hydrate was approved in many countries in 1954 and is commercially available as a solution (Nervifene). Other products such as Medianox and chloraldurate are no longer available. Structure and properties Chloral hydrate (C2H3Cl3O2, Mr = 165.4 g/mol) is in the form of colorless, transparent crystals that are very soluble in water. It has … Chloral Hydrate
Symptoms Typical symptoms of agranulocytosis include fever, chills, feeling ill, tonsillitis, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and lesions and bleeding of the oral, nasal, pharyngeal, genital, or anal mucosa. The disease can lead to dangerous infections and blood poisoning and, if left untreated, can relatively often be fatal. Agranulocytosis usually occurs rarely to very rarely as … Agranulocytosis Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms Photosensitivity often manifests like sunburn in extensive skin redness, pain, a burning sensation, blistering, and hyperpigmentation after healing. Other possible skin reactions include eczema, itching, urticaria, telangiectasia, tingling, and edema. The nails may also be affected less frequently and may peel off in front (photoonycholysis). The symptoms are limited to the areas of the … Photosensitivity
Products Nimesulide is commercially available as tablets and granules (Nisulide, Aulin). It has been approved in many countries since 1991. Nisulide gel is no longer available. Structure and properties Nimesulide (C13H12N2O5S, Mr = 308.3 g/mol) belongs to the sulfonanilide group. It exists as a yellowish crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Nimesulide … Nimesulid
Products Diuretics are mainly administered in the form of tablets. In addition, injectables are also commercially available. Among the most commonly prescribed diuretics are loop diuretics (torasemide). Effects Diuretics (ATC C03) have diuretic and antihypertensive properties. Through various mechanisms, they cause increased excretion of water and electrolytes in the urine. They are active at the … Diuretics (Water Pills): Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Tamsulosin is commercially available in the form of sustained-release tablets and sustained-release capsules and has been approved in many countries since 1996 (Pradif, Pradif T, generics). Tamsulosin is also available as a fixed combination with the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride (Duodart), see under dutasteride tamsulosin. In 1996, sustained-release capsules were released (Pradif). Pradif T sustained-release … Tamsulosin